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. 2022 Apr 23;29(42):63709–63721. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-20314-x

Table 3.

Johansen’s cointegration test (step 2)

Step 2: CO =f(HE, RDexp, PET, GDP, EC, Tr)
Rank = 0* COpc COehp COlfc COint
Trace test Critical value (5%) Trace test Critical value (5%) Trace test Critical value (5%) Trace test Critical value (5%)
0 182.662 95.75 199.2728 95.75 175.276 95.75 179.268 95.75

* denotes rejection of the null hypothesis at 5% significance level