Cytotoxic activities against SMMC-7721 and LO2 cell lines for 12a–f, VCR, ARA and DHA^a.

Compounds	IC50 (μM)/24 h
	SMMC-7721	LO2
12a	0.03 ± 0.04	0.70 ± 0.02
12b	0.32 ± 0.03	0.36 ± 0.03
12c	0.07 ± 0.04	0.07 ± 0.03
12d	0.34 ± 0.02	0.37 ± 0.04
12e	0.21 ± 0.02	0.33 ± 0.03
12f	0.22 ± 0.03	0.30 ± 0.03
VCR	0.27 ± 0.03	0.30 ± 0.02
ARA	0.63 ± 0.04	0.43 ± 0.04
DHA	>0.7	0.22 ± 0.04

^aSMMC-7721 = human liver cancer cell lines; LO2 = human benign liver cell lines; VCR = vincristine; ARA = cytosine arabinoside; μM = μmol mL⁻¹; IC₅₀ values represent the compound concentration (μM) required to inhibit tumor cell proliferation by 50% and were calculated using concentrations from triplicate measurements.