Table 1.
Demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcome data of the included patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) stratified by the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), N = 592.
| Variables | Initial GCS 14-15 (mild) N = 566 | Initial GCS 9-13 (moderate) N = 20 | Initial GCS 3-8 (severe) N = 6 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age, years, median [IQR] | 62 [45;74] | 69 [38;76] | 41 [35;54] |
| – > 65 years, n/N (%) | 257/566 (45.4) | 12/20 (60.0) | 1/6 (16.7) |
| Male, n/N (%) | 329/566 (58.1) | 13/20 (65.0) | 5/6 (83.3) |
| Clinical characteristics | |||
| Charlson comorbidity index | |||
| 0, n/N (%) | 161/566 (28.4) | 6/19 (31.6) | 3/6 (50) |
| 1–2, n/N (%) | 138/566 (24.4) | 6/19 (31.6) | 2/6 (33.3) |
| 3–4, n/N (%) | 159/566 (28.1) | 5/19 (26.3) | 1/6 (7, 16) |
| ≥5, n/N (%) | 108/566 (19.1) | 2/19 (10.5) | 0/6 (0.0) |
| Antiplatelet/-coagulant treatment | |||
| Yes, n/N (%) | 144/556 (25.9) | 4/19 (21.0) | 0/6 (0.0) |
| – Acetylsalicylic acid, n/N (%) | 65/144 (45.1) | 2/4 (50.0) | - |
| – ADP-receptor antagonist, n/N (%) | 32/144 (22.2) | 0/4 (0.0) | - |
| – Vitamin K antagonist, n/N (%) | 18/144 (12.5) | 2/4 (50.0) | - |
| – NOAC, n/N (%) | 32/144 (22.2) | 0/4 (0.0) | - |
| Trauma mechanism | |||
| Traffic, n/N (%) | 143/557 (25.6) | 4/19 (21.0) | 3/6 (50.0) |
| Fall <2m, n/N (%) | 350/557 (62.8) | 9/19 (47.4) | 2/6 (33.3) |
| Fall >2m, n/N (%) | 17/557 (3.1) | 3/19 (15.8) | 1/6 (16.7) |
| Violence, n/N (%) | 14/557 (2.5) | 0/19 (0.0) | 0/6 (0.0) |
| Other, n/N (%) | 33/557(5.9) | 3/19 (15.8) | 0/6 (0.0) |
| Additional symptoms | |||
| Loss of consciousness and/or amnesia, n/N (%) | 142/566 (25.1) | - | - |
| Vomiting, n/N (%) | 23/566 (4.1) | - | - |
| Suspected intake of alcohol/drugs prior to trauma | |||
| Yes, n/N (%) | 161/521 (30.9) | 6/18(33.3) | 3/4 (75.0) |
| Bone fracture | |||
| Yes, n/N (%) | 21/566 () | 0/20 (0) | 0/6 (0) |
| CT examination | |||
| Yes, n/N (%) | 344/566 (60.7) | 17/20 (85.0) | 5/6 (83.3) |
| Clinical outcome | |||
| Intracranial lesion | 32/566 (5.7) | 8/20 (40.0) | 4/6 (66.7) |
| – Neurosurgical observation and/or intervention |
4/32 (12.5) | 5/8 (62.5) | 4/4 (100.0) |
| – Death within 7 days due to TBI | 2/566 (0.4) | 1/20 (5.0) | 0/6 (0.0) |
TBI, Traumatic Brain Injury; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; IQR, Interquartile range.