Table 2.

Summarized role of diagnostic tests, surveillance, and vaccines in the national and regional malaria elimination programs

Parameter	Description	Reference
Guidelines	• For training on the use of variously approved diagnostic methods such as microscopy and RDT. • Treatment guidelines for health professionals and health care workers. • Guideline for community private drug peddlers and retailers.	Tetteh et al. 2021 Ansah et al. 2015 Bruxvoort et al. 2013
Surveillance system	• An adequate supply of technologically relevant surveillance tools in malaria-affected regions. • Implementation of the surveillance system for monitoring infections and progress toward elimination. • Regular training and retraining on surveillance for monitoring and evaluation officers. • Strengthening surveillance systems to involve private health sectors. • Integration of upcoming technology into a currently existing system for enhancing surveillance efficiency, especially in post elimination regions.	Barclay et al. 2012 Bridges et al. 2012 Lourenço et al. 2019 WHO 2018 Yukich et al. 2014
Vaccine	• Financial investments in promoting malaria vaccine research and production. • Development of vaccines with high efficacy, minimal side effect, and wide acceptability. • Promoting vaccine literacy among less-educated communities to enhance vaccine acceptability.	Targett and Greenwood 2008 Healer et al. 2017 Dimala et al. 2018