Table 4.
Pretreatment clinical characteristics and urine biomarker levels of patients with DV who presented with different treatment outcomes.
| GRA score of ≥ 2 (n = 15) |
GRA score of < 2 (n = 11) |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 48.4 ± 13.66 | 55.82 ± 12.38 | 0.212 |
| IPSS-V | 9.67 ± 7.10 | 11 ± 7.11 | 0.567 |
| IPSS-S | 6 ± 3.82 | 6 ± 4.43 | 0.875 |
| IPSS | 15.67 ± 10.2 | 17 ± 10.09 | 0.658 |
| VUDS | |||
| FSF | 124.7 ± 60.2 | 128.0 ± 40.8 | 0.603 |
| Bladder compliance | 52.4 ± 77.9 | 79.7 ± 68.5 | 0.102 |
| CBC | 256.2 ± 110.0 | 319.6 ± 121.2 | 0.126 |
| Pdet | 60.07 ± 63.73 | 50.55 ± 37.18 | 0.662 |
| Qmax | 8.00 ± 4.05 | 11.50 ± 10.24 | 0.481 |
| cQmax | 0.49 ± 0.22 | 0.65 ± 0.54 | 0.755 |
| Vol | 202.2 ± 95.5 | 239.8 ± 120.4 | 0.551 |
| PVR | 54.0 ± 42.4 | 79.8 ± 71.2 | 0.343 |
| VE | 0.76 ± 0.26 | 0.73 ± 0.25 | 0.621 |
| BOOIf | 42.47 ± 64.65 | 25.25 ± 49.58 | 0.500 |
| Urine biomarkers@ | |||
| 8-OHdG | 31.94 ± 19.39 (0) | 42.01 ± 19.35 (0) | 0.154 |
| 8-isoprostane | 6.94 ± 4.92 (1) | 16.80 ± 14.19 (0) | 0.019 |
| TAC | 388.31 ± 151.73 (1) | 977.63 ± 549.86 (0) | 0.014 |
| IL-1β | 0.86 ± 0.13 (1) | 0.85 ± 0.25 (0) | 0.365 |
| IL-2* | 0.15 ± 0.03 (1) | 0.20 ± 0.09 (0) | 0.111 |
| IL-6 | 4.06 ± 13.12 (1) | 3.93 ± 8.40 (0) | 0.511 |
| IL-8 | 17.78 ± 22.3 5(0) | 12.77 ± 16.05 (1) | 0.677 |
| TNFα* | 1.24 ± 0.19 (1) | 1.31 ± 0.15 (0) | 0.443 |
| NGF* | 0.20 ± 0.03 (0) | 0.22 ± 0.06 (1) | 0.502 |
| BDNF | 0.64 ± 0.10 (0) | 0.62 ± 0.08 (0) | 0.751 |
| Treatment | 0.014 | ||
| Biofeedback PFM exercise | 10 | 2 | |
| EUS BoNT-A injections | 5 | 9 | |
DV Dysfunctional voiding, GRA Global response assessment, IPSS International prostate symptom score, IPSS-S International prostate symptom Score storage subscore, IPSS-V International prostate symptom score voiding subscore, VUDS Videourodynamic study, FSF First sensation of bladder filling, CBC Cystometric bladder capacity, Pdet Detrusor voiding pressure, Qmax Maximal urinary flow rate, cQmax Corrected maximal urinary flow rate, Vol Voided volume, PVR Post-void residual volume, VE Voiding efficacy, BOOIf Female bladder outlet obstruction index, 8-OHdG 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, TAC Total antioxidant capacity, TNF Alpha, tumor necrosis factor α, NGF Nerve growth factor, BDNF Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, PFM Pelvic floor muscle, EUS External urethral sphincter, BoNT-A Botulinum toxin A.
(): number of outliers.
*: Mean values of the study group that were below the minimum detectable concentrations as per the assay manufacturer.
@: units: all pg/mL, except for ng/mL in 8-OHdG and mmol/μL in TAC.