Table 2.
Definitions and descriptive statistics of key variables
| Variable | Definition | N | Mean (S.D) | Min | Max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dependent variable | |||||
| Emotion | Valence level | 540 | -0.034 (0.307) | -2.303 | 2.337 |
| Personal characteristics | |||||
| Residential status | Residents or workers in the community, 1; visitor, 0 | 540 | 0.444 | 0 | 1 |
| Gender | Male: 1; Female: 0 | 540 | 0.494 | 0 | 1 |
| Age | Age of participant (years old) | 540 | 31.6 (12.917) | 12 | 65 |
| Environmental characteristics | |||||
| Social interaction (SI) | Presence of people sitting, socialising and staying amid less-crowded commercial streets (0, no; 1, yes) | 12 | 0.167 | 0 | 1 |
| Open space (OS) | Presence of a less-crowded open space (0, no; 1, yes) | 12 | 0.083 | 0 | 1 |
| Open space with social disorder (OSSD) | Presence of open space in which children play but teenagers smoke and loiter in a group, and people drink alcohol (0, no; 1, yes) | 12 | 0.083 | 0 | 1 |
| Inactive frontages with CPTED (IFC) | Presence of inactive street frontages with high retaining walls and a fire extinguisher, CCTVs, emergency alarms, wall paintings and stickers for crime prevention (0, no; 1, yes) | 12 | 0.167 | 0 | 1 |
| Inactive frontages with vandalism (IFV) | Presence of inactive street frontages with high retaining walls and broken street lights (0, no; 1, yes) | 12 | 0.167 | 0 | 1 |
| Abandoned houses with vandalism (AHV) | Presence of abandoned houses with broken windows and street lights (0, no; 1, yes) | 12 | 0.083 | 0 | 1 |
| Vehicle-oriented environment (VOE) | Absence of pedestrian footpaths on streets with high traffic volume (0, no; 1, yes) | 12 | 0.25 | 0 | 1 |
The mean shows the average level of each variable in the experiment area (12 spots)