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TGF-β activated the Erk MAPK pathway. Activated TβR I recruits and phosphorylates the Shc adaptor protein ShcA. Actived TGF-β promotes the formation of the ShcA/Grb2/SOS complex, Ras connects, and degrades SPSB1 via mono- and deubiquitination. TGF-β-induced GTP loading on Ras helps recruit Raf to the plasma membrane, resulting in the activation of Erk1/2 through MEKs. The activated Erk MAPK signaling pathway further influences the SMAD signaling pathway
