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. 2021 Jun 8;11(33):20006–20035. doi: 10.1039/d0ra09668g

The various antiviral vaccines available in the last two decades, and their characteristics.

Characteristic vaccines
S. no. Generic name Trade name Type Mode of action Treatment for other diseases Year of approval Ref.
1 AJ vaccines Picovax IPV vaccine, Danish Medicines Agency Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) IPV provides serum immunity to each poliovirus (three types) and defence against any ensuing paralysis causative disease (poliomyelitis). The mucosal immunity level in the intestine is less than that afforded by OPV, this difference may slightly show in the pharyngeal mucosal lining. Prevents poliovirus in the nervous system; immunostimulant Diphtheria, whooping cough, tuberculosis, tetanus, polio and bladder cancer 2019 17
2 Grippol plus Quadrivalent AbbVie Polymer supported inactivated influenza vaccine 3-valent, egg derived adjuvanted influenza vaccine, polyoxidonium as a distinct adjuvant Vaccine primes advanced meticulous anti-influenza immunity formation; immunostimulant To treat influenza virus infection (A/H1N1 + A/H3N2) 2018 18
3 Ys-On-001 Yivyka polyinosinic-polycystidylic acid/inactivated rabies virus Yisheng Biopharma Cancer vaccines anti-neoplastics B-cell stimulant, cytokines stimulant, dendritic cell stimulant, immune-modulator, macrophage modulator, natural cell stimulant, regulatory T lymphocyte inhibitor, Th1 cell stimulant Cancer vaccines pancreatic cancer 2017 19
4 Adimmune’s quadrivalent flu vaccine (4142) Adimflu-S (QIS)BioB2B Taiwan Monovalent vaccine, egg-based inactivated split virus, influenza H1N1 vaccine Immunostimulants; inactivated virus from chick embryo culture split virus Influenza A (H1N1) vaccine during pregnancy 2017 20
5 Quadrivalent influenza vaccine (J0&BB02) Vaxigrip Tetra QIVSanofi Pasteur Split influenza virus vaccine Induces the humeral antibodies against hemagglutinins inhibition (HAI) within 2–3 weeks; antibodies neutralize the influenza viruses Potent immunization against the four influenza virus strains (A and B types have two each) 2017 21
6 NBP-608 SKY Zoster Attenuated zoster-, varicella-type vaccine Inducing both humoral and cellular immune response, which creates an IgG humoral immune response; varicella-zoster specifically activate CD4+ T-helper and CD8+ T-lymphocyte cells Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a human neurotropic alpha-herpes-virus. Major infection causes varicella (chickenpox) 2017 22
7 HBV-ISS (Dynavax) Heplisav-B Hepatitis B virus used for vaccine development Immune-stimulatory DNA sequence (ISS) ISS-1018, adjuvant proceeds TLR-9 agonist, which is used for potential prevention and treatment of HIV infection Treatment of HBV-, HIV viruses 2017 23
8 GSK-1437173A Shingrix GSK Non-live, recombinant subunit vaccine; varicella vaccine herpes zoster (Hz/su) 2q4vaccine candidates Antigen IgE and adjuvant system AS01B develop VZV-specific immune response in a weakening immune system. Generates a long-term immune response, Shingrix helps to address age-related decline in shingles immunity To prevent herpes zoster (HZ) infection 2017 24
9 DTPa-hepB-IPV-Hib EasySix, Hexaxim Panacea Biotech 6 in 1 combination Infanrix hexa whole cell pertussis antigen The body produces its own antibodies to protect against bacteria and viruses causing different infections Diphtheria, DTP, Hepatitis B, Hib, IPV, Pertussis, Polio, Tetanus vaccine 2017 25
10 Ad5-EBOVJ07BX02 ErveboBIB, CanSinoBIO Glycoprotein recombinant adenovirus type 5 Ebola virus vaccine Recombinant replication deficient human Ad5 vector stimulating immune responses and defending against the Ebola virus To treat Ebola virus 2017 26
11 Tetravalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) Vaxiflu-4 Zydus Cadila Influenza vaccine To increase immunity by generating antibody proteins, which defend against infection caused by the virus present in the vaccine Treating influenza viruses-H1N1, H3N2, Type B (Brisbane and Phuket) 2017 27
12 Flu Vac Qs 2019–20 (4 Yr Up) CD,BL-125408 Flucelvax Quadrivalent Seqirus, Inc Cell based flu vaccines Vaccine motivates the body to produce its own immunity (antibodies) against the virus To prevent influenza A and B viruses 2016 28
13 Quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV) (GQM-10) Vaxigrip TetraSanofi Inactivated influenza vaccine (split version) To enhance the protection from circulating influenza B viruses To protect against influenza (flu) viruses 2016 29
14 Live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) J07BB03 FluMist Quadrivalent Influenza Tetra-Medimmune Attenuated virus LAIVs induce T cell antibody-reactions against the surface protein of HA and NA; LAIVs provide hetero-subtype protection in humans To prevent common flu; influenza A-(H1N1), (H3N2), and B-viruses 2016 30
15 Enterovirus type 71 vaccine (Vero cells) Inlive SINOVAC Inactivated EV 71 virus antigen vaccine Generate immune reactions against EV71 virus To prevent hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) caused by EV-71 2016 31
16 Inactivated influenza vaccine Cadiflu-S CBL Biologicals Pvt. Ltd Inactivated vaccine To develop immunity against the disease by forming antibodies To prevent influenza and protect against its effects 2016 32
17 Inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine (split version) Afluria Quad 2020 Seqiruspty Ltd Influenza quadrivalent vaccine 2020 Against influenza-A and influenza-B type viruses To prevent influenza A and B viruses 2016 33
18 Riv-4 (RIV4) Flublok-QSonofi Pasteur Quadrivalent recombinant influenza vaccine Humoral immune response measured by hemagglutination inhibition antibodies To prevent influenza A (H1N1) and B (H3N2) 2016 34
19 Gam Evac Combi Combined Vector Based Vaccine Heterologous VSV and adenovirus type-5 vectored Ebola virus Heterologous prime-boost vaccine humoral immune response, cell facilitated immune response to Ebola To prevent Ebola viral disease (EVD) 2015 35
20 In32 Activated Sabin polio vaccine Ai Bi Wei IMB China Inactivated Poliomyelitis (IPV) Inactivated vaccines offer immunity by delivering an inactivated antigen. This vaccine cannot cause disease, thus, it may be administered to an immuno-compromised host To prevent polio in new born babies 2015 36
21 Rotavirus Orv-116E ROTAVAC 5D Vero cells Derived Bharath Biotech Rotavirus vaccine live attenuated monovalent vaccine Rotarix (vaccine prevents rotavirus infectivity) reproduces in the small intestine and induces immunity; the particular mechanistic action of immunology by rotarix against rotavirus gastroenteritis is unknown To prevent rotavirus gastroenteritis 2015 37
22 NBP-607-QIV SKY cell flu Quadrivalent SK Bioscience Cell cultured quadrivalent inactivated subunit influenza vaccine Immunity for influenza viruses A and B subtypes. Sero-protection is generally obtained within three weeks To treat influenza virus infections 2015 38
23 GC-3110A, GC-3110B GCflu Quad GC Pharma Quadrivalent influenza virus vaccine Hemagglutination inhibition antibody response To treat influenza virus infections 2015 39
24 Chimerivax-dengue (CYD-TDV) Dengvaxia Sanofi Pasteur Live attenuated tetravalent chimeric vaccine Antibody dependent improvement To prevent Dengue virus-1, 2, 3 and 4 fever in humans 2015 40
25 H5N1 influenza (avian flu) vaccine (Rx) Audenz Vn-101 Sonali Pasteur GSK Egg based H5N1 vaccines, inactivated influenza virus vaccine Induces immunity (antibodies), which act against viral HA in the vaccine, after interrupting viral attachment to human respiratory cells, provides immunity to influenza A virus subtype H5N1 To treat influenza virus 2014 41
26 9-Valent HPV vaccine [9v HPV] GARDASIL 9 Recombinant virus Prevent HPV through humoral immune responses induced by the vaccine Prevention of cervical, vuvar, vaginal, anal, or pharyngeal, head and neck cancer; by preventing papilloma virus (HPV) infection 2014 42
27 Cell cultured-H5N1 vaccine KD-295 GSK Emulsion cell culture influenza HA vaccine (Prototype) Antibody titer calculated through hemagglutination inhibition (HI): high-titer virus generation led to suspension of growth of MDCK (Madin–Darby Canine Kidney) and Vero cells in a serum-free distribution To prevent influenza A virus H5N1 2014 43
28 Live modified vaccine virus Ankara Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN)-J07BX IMVANEX/IMVAMUNE JYNNEOS Non-replicating small pox vaccine Non-replicating and capable of generating humoral and cellular immune response to orthopox-viruses To prevent smallpox 2013 44
29 Japanese encephalitis vaccine BBIL/JEV JENVAC Bharath Biotech Inactivated Vero cell-derived viral vaccine JENVAC is sufficient to elicit an immune response To protect against Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) 2013 45
30 Fluzone quadrivalent BL 103914/J07B B FLUZONE Quadrivalent Sanofi Pasteur Inc. Inactivated quadrivalent influenza virus vaccine type A and type B (split version) Stimulates the production of specific antibodies Prevents influenza diseases, type A and B 2013 46
31 FLU-Q-QIV flu laval quadrivalent GSK-2282511A FluLaval™ Quadrivalent Glaxo Smith Kline (GSK) Influenza virus vaccine Vaccines which improve immunity against the viral pathogen leading to influenza: they induce the generation of antibodies Prevents influenza diseases, type A and B 2013 47
32 DTa-IPV-HePB-HibHexavalent vaccine6-in-1 vaccine J07CA09 Hexyon, Infanrix, Vaxelis Hexavalent vaccine Booster vaccination To treat DTaP, hepatitis B, polio, haemophilus influenza diseases 2013 48
33 GSK-2282512a BL 125127 Fluarix Quadrivalent (FLU Q-QIV) Glaxo Smith Kline Biologicals Inactivated influenza vaccine, quadrivalent, seasonal Increases immunity for treatment of disease originating from influenza-A subtype and type B viruses Prevents disease triggered by influenza A subtype and type B viruses 2012 49
34 ChimeriVax™-JE IMOJEV Sanofi Live attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccine (JEV), monovalent IMOJEV is highly immunogenic and able to induce continuing immunity through both preclinical and clinical trials To prevent yellow fever virus 2012 50
35 Prepandemic influenza vaccine (H5N1) J07BB01 Vepacel Inactivated flu strain known as A/Vietnam/1203/2004 (H5N1) whole virion, derived from inactivated Vero cells Overall the vaccine primes the immune system Protect against influenza H5N1 (bird flu) 2012 51
36 Medi-3250STN: 125020 FLUMIST Quadrivalent Med-Immune Influenza vaccine, live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) To provide immunity against influenza virus caused by subtypes A and B Protects against influenza 2012 52
37 Hepatitis E hecolin (HEV-239) Hecolin Xiamen Innovax Biotech Non enveloped virus with positive sense HEV vaccine, a recombinant vaccine HEV 239 treatment induces a strong anti-HEG IgG response, through early antibody mobilisation Fights against hepatitis-E virus 2012 53
38 Measles/rubella vaccine German measles Live attenuated (weakened) viruses Immunostimulant, produces antibodies (associated proteins fight and kill measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) viruses Prevent MMR viruses 2011 54
39 Human inactivated influenza vaccine (H1N1) 2009 vaccine. Pandemic influenza strain A/California/7/2009/nyMC X-179A HNVAC (Bharath Biotech) Inactivated Influenza A virus vaccine (H1N1). Cell culture derived vaccine Active immunization agent, which acts against the influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus Activity against influenza A 2010 55
40 Influenza A virus (H1N1), monovalent vaccine 2009 Influenza A (H1N1), Sonali Pasteur Monovalent vaccine, adjuvant Active immunization for preventing disease caused by influenza virus A (H5N1) To prevent influenza A viral disease 2010 56
41 Quadrivalent flu vaccine FLUCELVAX Cellular influenza vaccine Active immunization for preventing influenza subtypes A and B causative diseases To defend against four different strains of influenza for both subtypes A and B 2010 57
42 Influenza vaccine (whole virion). Inactivated combination Vaxiflu-S Fluzone Zydus Cadila Healthcare Ltd Inactivated influenza vaccine (NZ) Active immunization for preventing Vaxiflu-X To assist in protection against influenza 2010 58
43 H1N1 pandemic influenza vaccine H5N1 strain of the flu virus A/Vietnam/1203/2004Flu strain/California/07/2009 (H1N1) virus Celvapan Baxter International Whole virion in Vero cell-based influenza vaccine, inactivated Motivates the immune system to produce antibodies when exposed to the virus To protect against the influenza strains of H5N1 virus 2009 59
44 Influenza A virus vaccine H5N1 Fluval P-H5N1 Omninvest Fluart innovative vaccine Fluval affords active immunization against four virus strains; two for influenza A subtype, and two for B type To prevent influenza a (H5N1) 2009 60
45 Non adjuvant influenza A (H1N1) 2009 monovalent vaccine. Influenza hemagglutinin (HA) A/California/07/2009 (H1N1) V-like virus Panenza Sanofi-Pasteur Non-adjuvanted pandemic vaccine Induces a high immune (antibody) response, three weeks post-vaccination To prevent influenza A (H5N1) 2009 61
46 Monovalent, cell culture-derived, inactivated subunit influenza vaccine. Produced from A/California/07/2009 (H1N1) with adjuvant MF-59 Celtura MF-59 adjuvanted cell cultured derivative A/H1N1 pandemic influenza vaccine MF-59 induces a strong response in adults and substantially develops the response with growth of HA-specific Tfh (CD4+, ICOS+, CXCR5+, IL-21+) cells Induces an immune response for protection against influenza virus 2009 62
47 Pandemic (H1N1) ASO3 adjuvanted influenza vaccine Pandremix GSK Combination of H1N1 virus antigen and adjuvant system of H1N1 Enhances the natural immunity of the body To prevent influenza A (H1N1), swine flu viral infections 2009 63
48 Influenza vaccine (H1N1) flu strain from A/California/7/2009 (H1N1) derived strain NYMC-181 J07BB02 Focetria Surface antigen (hemagglutinin and neuraminidase) inactivated adjuvant Vaccine acts by priming the immune system To protect against influenza type A (H1N1) 2009 virus 2009 64
49 Cell culture-derived adjuvanted influenza virus vaccine (Grippol TC Grippol NeoSolvay pharmaceutical AbbVie Cell based adjuvanted influenza vaccine Activates the endosomal receptor, which leads non-specific activation of the surface TLRs, which induce the intracellular signals contributing to the antiviral mechanism To prevent influenza virus infections 2009 65
50 Inactivated H5N1 influenza (avian flu) vaccine A/Vietnam/1194/2003/(H5N1) RG Pan-flu (Sinovac Biotech) Single shot vaccine against H1N1 influenza Body reacts by creating antibodies To prevent H5N1 pandemic influenza 2008 66
51 Pandemic influenza vaccine Panvax H1N1 vaccine Split virion inactivated vaccine Panvax, is an inactive viral part of H1N1, the immune system responds by developing antibodies to the virus particle Influenza virus (H1N1), swine flu infections 2008 67
52 Pre-pandemic influenza vaccine H5N1 (split virion, adjuvanted, inactivated) AS03-H5N1 vaccine A/Vietnam/1194/2004; or A/Indonesia/5/2005 GSK-1562902a Prepandrix GSK Split virion, inactivated, adjuvanted; hemagglutinin, antigen, adjuvanted Potential immunization against influenza A subtype H5N1 virus Influenza (H5N1) virus, swine flu infection 2008 68
53 Influenza vaccine (surface antigen, inactivated, prepared in cell cultures) J07BB02 Optaflu Flucelvax TETRA Novartis Influenza virus surface antigens, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase subunit vaccines Optaflu comprising different strain surface regions of the flu virus. Vaccine causes immune system to recognize the unknown viral components and produce antibodies against them Prevent influenza viral infection 2008 69
54 Smallpox (vaccinia) vaccine ACAM2000 Acam-2000 Sanofi Pasteur Biologics Co. The vaccine is made from a live virus, vaccinia Possessing potent immunization against smallpox Prevention of smallpox 2007 70
55 Inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine (split virion) Afluria Seqirus Pty. Ltd. Quadrivalent split virion, influenza virus hemagglutinin as the active ingredient. Immunity against 3 (type A (2) and type B (1)) or 4 (type A (2) and type B (2)) microbial strains. Suitable for the annual flu season To stop infection caused by influenza virus 2007 71
56 H5N1 avian flu vaccine, avian influenza or bird flu, vaccine is derived from A/Vietnam/1203/2004 influenza virus Fluzone Sanofi Pasteur Inactivated influenza virus vaccine Provides protection against the H5N1 influenza virus stimulating the immune response To prevent infection caused by influenza virus 2007 72
57 Adjuvanted H5N1 pre-pandemic vaccine Daronix, GSK Second generation pandemic vaccine Prepare the body’s immune system to prevent a flu epidemic Prevent common flu disease 2007 73
58 Influenza vaccine surface antigen, inactivated, prepared in cell culture: A/California/7/2009 (H1N1) pdm09-like strain, A/Switzerland/9715293/2013 (H3N2)-like strain, B/Phuket/3073/2013-like strain Optaflu Vaccine containing flu surface antigen Enhances the body’s defence system, priming the immune system to make antibodies against the flu virus To prevent infection caused by influenza virus 2007 74
59 Birch pollen allergy vaccine Oralgen Birch Pollen ALK-Abello Peptide based vaccine Suppression of allergic reactions after immunization with fusion protein, which is caused by releasing the immune messenger interleukin-10 (IL-10), an autologous cytokine, functioning to decrease the overacting immune response To prevent allergy 2007 75
60 Influenza vaccine, split virion, inactivated hemagglutinin of A/California/7/2009 Hemagglutinin of A/Victoria/210/2009 Hemagglutinin of B/Brisbane/60/2008 Anflu Sinovac Split virion, inactivated Body generates immuno-reactions against influenza virus To prevent infection caused by influenza virus 2006 76
61 Rec hepatitis B vaccine Supervax Hepatitis B vaccine, immunoglobulin (HBIG) Active immunization of hepatitis B vaccine induces the immune system to create anti-HBs without an active infection risk To prevent infection against hepatitis B virus 2006 77
62 Antirabies vaccine RABIRIX Bharath Biotech Vero cell based rabies vaccine (PVRV) Inactivated virus vaccine boosts immunization against rabies To prevent infection against rabies virus 2006 78
63 Live herpes zoster vaccine Zostavax Merck Live attenuated virus vaccine Enhancing VZV – specific immunity against zoster Treatment for herpes zoster/postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), a neuropathic pain 2006 79
64 Rotavirus vaccine, live rotavirus 116E strain derived in Vero cells RotaTeq Bharath Biotech Live attenuated, oral, monovalent Active immunization for infants from the age of 6 weeks To protect against rotavirus gastro-enteritis disease in infants and young children 2006 80
65 Human papillomavirus quadrivalent (type 6, 11, 16, and 18) vaccine (HPV vaccine) J07BM01 Gardasil, Cervarix Merck Protein subunit quadrivalent, recombinant Body’s immune system identifies the viral proteins in Gardasil, develops antibodies against them To protect against either two or four or nine types of HPV (cervical, vaginal and vulvar in females) 2006 81
66 Rotavirus vaccine with five strains of rotavirus, from both human and animal sources ROTARIX Live, attenuated, oral Usually to develop immunity against rotavirus-based disease Rotarix vaccine assists to prevent this disease in children 2005 82
67 Hepatitis B (r DNZ) vaccine, adjuvanted, absorbed J07BC01 Fendrix GSK Adjuvanted, absorbed, recombinant DNA technology Vaccine works by priming the immune system Prevents hepatitis B virus infection 2005 83
68 MR vaccine freeze-dried, live, attenuated, measles-rubella combined vaccine Mearubik, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation Live vaccine for measles, rubella Immune system induced to produce antibodies (proteins that fight and also kills the rubella virus) To prevent rubella virus 2005 11
69 Inactivated hepatitis A and hepatitis B (rDNA) – HAB adsorbed vaccine Bilive Sinovac Recombinant DNA technology Suboptimal immune response to the vaccine Prevents hepatitis B viral infection 2005 84
70 Virosomal influenza vaccine, Invivac influenza vaccine Invivac Solvay Pharmaceuticals Adjuvant The virosome mechanism remains complex; it is the transporter as well as an immune stimulant To treat influenza 2004 85
71 Influenza virus (live) (LAIV), inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) Flumist Wild-type Disease-causing viruses has been attenuated and inactivated, using the influence of heat/chemicals such as formaldehyde Protects against infection from influenza viruses 2003 86
72 Hepatitis A and B Vac DB10989, DB11627 Ambirix Vaccine based B-lymphocytes anti-HBs antibodies Immunization against hepatitis A and B viral infectivity 2003 87