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. 2022 Apr 23;7:132. doi: 10.1038/s41392-022-00978-0

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — Peripheral CD4⁺ T-cell subsets in convalescent patients with COVID-19. T-cell subsets were analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMCs) from high- (n = 10) and low-CD4⁺ (n = 6) convalescent individuals with COVID-19 and close contacts (n = 9). a Gating strategies for Treg cells (CD25⁺CD45RA⁻CD127⁻) and cTfr cells (CD25⁺CD45RA^–CD127^–CXCR5^hiPD-1^hi). b Dot plot analysis of the frequencies of Treg and cTfr cells in high- and low-CD4⁺ convalescent individuals with COVID-19 and close contacts. c Gating strategies for different peripheral circulating Tfh cell subsets, including CXCR3⁺CCR6⁻cTfh (cTfh1) cells, CXCR3^–CCR6^– cTfh (cTfh2) cells, and CXCR3^–CCR6⁺ cTfh (cTfh17) cells. d Frequencies of cTfh1, cTfh2, and cTfh17 cells in high-and low-CD4⁺ COVID-19 convalescent individuals with COVID-19 and close contacts. e–g Correlation analysis of (e) cTfh2, (f) cTfh17, and (g) cTfh1 cells with SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing-antibody titers in high-and-low-CD4⁺ convalescent individuals with COVID-19 (n = 16). Each dot represents an individual participant. Bars represent mean values. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01. Student’s t-test was used to analyze differences in the mean values between groups. The Mann–Whitney test was used to compare the central tendencies of the two groups (mean or median). Data are presented as mean ± SEM.