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. 2022 Apr 23;29(42):63605–63621. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-20154-9

Table 3.

Regression estimates panel FGLS model

Dep. var = LCO2P
Model PDI IDV MAS UAI LTWVS IVR
Variables Coef (Prob) Coef (Prob) Coef (Prob) Coef (Prob) Coef (Prob) Coef (Prob)
LGNI −1.925 (0.00)*** −0.278 (0.65) 4.621 (0.00)*** 1.666 (0.51) 9.712 (0.00)*** −4.216 (0.00)***
LGNI2 0.040 (0.00)*** 0.006 (0.63) −0.087 (0.00)*** −0.018 (0.71) −0.180 (0.00)*** 0.086 (0.00)***
LREN −0.616 (0.00)*** −0.577 (0.00)*** −0.724 (0.00)*** −0.221 (0.00)*** −0.309 (0.00)*** −0.355 (0.00)***
LPD −0.252 (0.00)*** −0.230 (0.00)*** −0.324 (0.00)*** −0.876 (0.00)*** −0.178 (0.00)*** −0.083 (0.00)***
CUL −0.581 (0.00)*** −0.364 (0.03)** 1.017 (0.00)*** 0.849 (0.07)* 1.424 (0.00)*** −2.061 (0.00)***
LGNI*CUL 0.045 (0.00)*** 0.029 (0.02)** −0.079 (0.00)*** −0.059 (0.09)* −0.104 (0.00)*** 0.160 (0.00)***
LGNI2*CUL −0.001 (0.00)*** −0.001 (0.02)** 0.001 (0.00)*** 0.001 (0.11) 0.002 (0.00)*** −0.003 (0.00)***
Const 28.204 (0.00)*** 6.376 (0.49) −55.71 (0.00)*** −29.38 (0.38) −128.1 (0.00)*** 53.73 (0.00)***
Statistics
Cutoff Value at CUL = 0 24.06 23.17 26.56 46.28 26.97 24.51
Wald (prob) 8045.5 (0.00)*** 5651.6 (0.00)*** 4276.4 (0.00)*** 3875 (0.00)*** 2710 (0.00)*** 3240 (0.00)***
Sample 408 408 408 408 408 408
Countries 49 49 49 49 49 49

***Significant at 1%, **significant at 5%, *significant at 10%