Table 2.

Injectable Sedation and Anesthetic Regimens

Drug	Dose	Notes
Alphaxalone	5–7 mg/kg IM	Sedation27
	7–15 mg/kg IM	Immobilization 30–60 min7,12,13
	16 mg/kg IM	Abdominal implantation surgery31
	10–12 mg/kg IM followed by 3 mg/kg IV	Endotracheal intubation4
	16 mg/kg IV	Immobilization 30–90 min32
	10 mg/kg with diazepam 0.3 mg/kg IM	Endotracheal intubation; immobilization 30 min33,34
	18 mg/kg with diazepam 0.05 mg per animal IM	33
	1 mg per animal with ketamine 2.5 mg per animal IM	Immobilization 20–30 min12
	4–10 mg/kg with ketamine 20–30 mg/kg IM	27
	4 mg/kg with medetomidine 50 μg/kg and butorphanol 0.3 mg/kg IM	Immobilization 60 min12
	10 mg/kg with diazepam 3 mg/kg and atropine 0.2 mg/kg IM, followed by sufentanil 8 μg/kg/h IV with nitrous oxide inhalant	Surgical anesthesia induction and CRI for auditory physiology36
Ketamine	15–20 mg/kg IM	Light sedation6,8–10
	20–40 mg/kg IM	Sedation, induction of anesthesia6,8,18
	40–50 mg/kg IM	General anesthesia, 30 min immobilization6,7
	10–30 mg/kg with midazolam 0.2–0.4 mg/kg IM	Sedation prior to intubation, sufficient for dental extractions27
	10 mg/kg with midazolam 1 mg/kg IM	Approximately 30 min of immobilization19
	10 mg/kg with midazolam 0.3 mg/kg and butorphanol 0.015 mg/kg IM	Induction of anesthesia18
	10 mg/kg with dexmedetomidine 0.02–0.03 mg/kg IM	Sufficient sedation for short dental procedure27
	3 mg/kg with medetomidine 0.05–0.1 mg/kg and atipamezole 0.5 mg/kg IM	Brief restraint to place into imaging system (fMRI)14–16
	50 mg/kg with xylazine 2 mg/kg and atropine 0.05 mg/kg IM	60–90 min immobilization13
	10–22 mg/kg with xylazine 1–1.5 mg/kg IM	Muscle relaxation facilitates intubation9,16
Propofol	2–4 mg/kg IV	Bolus to facilitate intubation9,27
	12 mg/kg IV	5 min of sedation26
	0.3–0.5 mg/kg/min IV	CRI9
	0.3 mg/kg/min with fentanyl 10–20 μg/kg/h IV	Imaging CRI (animal intubated)35
	0.6–1.0 mg/kg/min IV	Imaging CRI (animal intubated)35
Tiletamine/ zolazepam (Telazol)	5 mg/kg IM	15 min of sedation9,47
	5–10 mg/kg IM	20–30 min of sedation