A. Homologous tRNA-modifying enzymes identified in A. albopictus, A. aegypti, A. stephensi, A. gambiae, A. arabiensis, and C. pipiens. Values are log2 fold change and a negative value (red) indicates the expression is higher in females while a positive value (blue) indicates higher expression in males. B. Bar graph of the percentage of differentially expressed tRNA-modifying enzymes when comparing males and females. The red bar represents the percentage of tRNA-modifying enzyme transcripts higher in females while the blue indicates the percentage higher in males. The white bar indicates the percentage of tRNA-modifying enzyme transcripts that exhibited the same expression in males and females.