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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Apr 23.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2020 Jul 28;36:441–468. doi: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-021120-033518

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Fetal neurodevelopment and MIA throughout the timeline of murine pregnancy. Gestational age is denoted by embryonic day (E) starting at E0.5, designated as the morning that the seminal plug is observed. Postnatal day (P) 0 is designated as the day of birth. Immune pathways are known to participate in normal physiological processes of brain formation and development. The timing, character, and intensity of MIA relative to the timing of development dictate fetal vulnerability to a spectrum of neurological diseases. Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer’s disease; ASD, autism spectrum disorder; CP, cerebral palsy; MIA, maternal immune activation; NTD, neural tube defect; PD, Parkinson’s disease; TLR, Toll-like receptor. Figure adapted from images created with Biorender.com.