Fig. 1.

Origin and pattern of tumor immunological heterogeneity. Spatial heterogeneity represents an uneven localized immunological component within single tumor, or among intra-individually metastasized tumors. Temporal heterogeneity denotes the evolutionary dynamics of immunological components along the course of tumor progression, or in response to clinical intervention. Tumor immunological heterogeneity was originated from tumoral intrinsic event including genomic instability and epigenetic modification, or originated from extrinsic events such as environmental perturbations or therapeutic pressure