Table 2.

Ratio of the multiplicative factor (95% CI) i.e. interaction effect by which the estimated odds change given a 1-kg increase in muscle strength for the overweight and obese participants divided by the corresponding multiplicative factor for normal BMI participants for different sex and age categories

	Adjusted odds ratio at the means for the BMI categories
	Male	Female	Male, 50-65 yr	Male, > 65 yr	Female, 50-65 yr	Female, > 65 yr
Verbal Memory (California Verbal Learning Test)
Overweight	1.003 (0.993, 1.006)	0.999 (0.991, 1.007)	0.999 (0.991, 1.007)	0.999 (0.985, 1.013)	0.998 (0.989, 1.008)	0.995 (0.981, 1.009)
Obese	1.003 (0.995, 1.010)	1.000 (0.992, 1.009)	0.997 (0.988, 1.006)	1.008 (0.994, 1.023)	1.004 (0.993, 1.014)	0.989 (0.973, 1.006)
Cognitive Reserve (Spot-the-Word)
Overweight	1.000 (0.992, 1.007)	0.998 (0.989, 1.007)	0.999 (0.991, 1.008)	0.998 (0.982, 1.014)	0.995 (0.985, 1.005)	1.006 (0.988, 1.024)
Obese	1.003 (0.995, 1.011)	0.999 (0.989, 1.008)	1.003 (0.994, 1.013)	1.003 (0.987, 1.020)	1.000 (0.989, 1.011)	1.000 (0.980, 1.021)
Processing Speed (Symbol–Digit Modalities Test)
Overweight	1.000 (0.997, 1.004)	1.001 (0.997, 1.006)	0.999 (0.995, 1.004)	1.006 (0.999, 1.013)	1.000 (0.995, 1.005)	1.000 (0.990, 1.01)
Obese	1.000 (0.996, 1.004)	1.001 (0.996, 1.006)	0.998 (0.993, 1.003)	1.005 (0.998, 1.013)	1.002 (0.996, 1.008)	1.001 (0.990, 1.011)
Global Cognition (Mini Mental State Exam)
Overweight	1.006 (0.987, 1.024)	1.012 (0.986, 1.039)	1.006 (0.974, 1.040)	1.008 (0.984, 1.032)	1.012 (0.972, 1.053)	1.007 (0.974, 1.041)
Obese	0.992 (0.973, 1.012)	0.996 (0.971, 1.022)	0.985 (0.950, 1.022)	0.997 (0.973, 1.022)	1.009 (0.971, 1.049)	0.988 (0.954, 1.023)

The results presented are OR (95%CI) for Model C adjusted for sex, age, smoking status, total physical activity, cardiovascular disease risk, type 2 diabetes status, education, depression, alcohol intake, SF-36 mental and physical component scores. The reference category is participants with normal BMI. P < 0.050. The sample size for each stratification is given below

Verbal memory test -Total sample: 2337; Male: 1037; Female: 1300; Male 50–65 yrs: 615; Male > 65 yrs: 422; Female 50–65 yrs: 800; Female > 65 yrs: 500

Spot-the-Word -Total sample: 2299; Male: 1017; Female: 1282; Male 50–65 yrs: 607; Male > 65 yrs: 410; Female 50–65 yrs: 792; Female > 65 yrs: 490

Symbol–Digit Modalities Test -Total sample: 2341; Male: 1035; Female: 1306; Male 50–65 yrs: 614; Male > 65 yrs: 421; Female 50–65 yrs: 802; Female > 65 yrs: 504

Mini Mental State Exam -Total sample: 967; Male: 442; Female: 525; Male 50–65 yrs: 154; Male > 65 yrs: 288; Female 50–65 yrs: 171; Female > 65 yrs: 354