Table 2.
Local complications identified in our review of SGNB-related complications reported in the literature
| Complication | Reported cases(n) | USG guidance | Fluoroscopy guidance |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Local complications | |||
|
| |||
| Hematoma | 41 | 11 | 23 |
| Blood aspiration | 20* | 8 | |
| Intrathoracic bleeding† | 7 | 6 | |
| Pneumothorax | 3 | 1 | |
| Infection | 3 | ||
| Bradycardia | 2 | ||
| Dural puncture | 1 | ||
| Hemomediastinum | 1 | ||
| Sinus arrest due to vasovagal | 1 | ||
| reflux | |||
| Transient neurologic injury | 1 | 1 | |
| LMA puncture | 1 | ||
| Asystolic cardiac arrest | 1 | ||
| Total (systemic and local) | 260 | 64 (24.6%) | 70 (26.9%) |
*
Among these 20 patients, 12 patients underwent SGNB by landmark-based technique and 8 patients with fluoroscopy guidance.
†
One patient was found to have an intrathoracic and retrotracheal hematoma on autopsy.
LMA, laryngeal mask airway; SGNB, stellate ganglion nerve block; USG, ultrasonography.