Table 2. Prevalence of behavioral health outcomes according to experience of economic distress within past 30 days (n = 1,498 participants).
| Outcome | Weighted prevalence (Percent ± SE) |
Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR* (95% CI) | Pseudo-R-squared, and the likelihood ratio (-2LL) for Adjusted OR |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anxiety disorder (GAD-7 ≥ 10 points) | ||||
| Did not experience distress (n = 596) | 3.2% ± 0.7% | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) | Pseudo R2 = 0.056 |
| Experienced distress (n = 902) | 7.6% ± 0.9% | 2.54 [1.53–4.22] | 2.47 [1.45–4.19] | -2LL = −320.32 |
| Depressive symptoms (PHQ-2 ≥ 3 points) | ||||
| Did not experience distress (n = 596) | 6.7% ± 1.0% | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) | Pseudo R2 = 0.029 |
| Experienced distress (n = 902) | 9.7% ± 1.0% | 1.51 [1.03–2.21] | 1.44 [0.96–2.17] | -2LL = −429.33 |
| Exercising at least once per week in past 30 days | ||||
| Did not experience distress (n = 596) | 48.9% ± 2.0% | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) | Pseudo R2 = 0.027 |
| Experienced distress (n = 902) | 48.1% ± 1.6% | 0.97 [0.79–1.19] | 1.12 [0.91–1.39] | -2LL = −1,026.50 |
| Slept at least 6 hours per night in past 30 days | ||||
| Did not experience distress (n = 596) | 93.5% ± 1.0% | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) | Pseudo R2 = 0.044 |
| Experienced distress (n = 902) | 90.9% ± 1.0% | 0.70 [0.47–1.03] | 0.77 [0.52–1.15] | -2LL = −402.69** |
| Gambled in past 30 days (including lottery) | ||||
| Did not experience distress (n = 596) | 50.1% ± 2.0% | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) | Pseudo R2 = 0.037 |
| Experienced distress (n = 902) | 58.1% ± 1.6% | 1.38 [1.12–1.70] | 1.23 [0.99–1.53] | -2LL = −994.08** |
| Smoked in past 30 days | ||||
| Did not experience distress (n = 596) | 12.7% ± 1.3% | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) | Pseudo R2 = 0.037 |
| Experienced distress (n = 902) | 16.0% ± 1.2% | 1.31 [0.98–1.76] | 1.20 [0.85–1.67] | -2LL = −482.31 |
| Binge-drank in past 30 days | ||||
| Did not experience distress (n = 596) | 4.4% ± 0.8% | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) | Pseudo R2 = 0.129 |
| Experienced distress (n = 902) | 2.8% ± 0.5% | 0.61 [0.35–1.06] | 0.67 [0.37–1.22] | -2LL = −197.47 |
Notes:
*
Adjusted OR (95% CI) included adjustments for sex, age, marital status, education level, and personal monthly income.
**
Weighted likelihood ratio (-2LL) could not be displayed because “models could not be fitted to the same size of dataset”; unweighted -2LL displayed instead.
Bold numbers denote statistical significance at 95% level of confidence.