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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Apr 23.
Published in final edited form as: ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2022 Mar 9;14(11):12964–12975. doi: 10.1021/acsami.1c19617

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

In vitro drug release and cell materials interaction with osteoblast, osteoclast, andS. epidermidis cells. (a) Ginger extract (gingerol) release shows an exponential release following a Weibull distribution. (b) Garlic extract shows ~35% total release without PCL/PEG and 45% with polymer, also following a Weibull distribution. (c) MTT cell viability quantification assay identifies osteoblast optical density (OD) under UV analysis with no cytotoxicity among all compositions compared to control TCP. Also seen is an enhanced osteoblast proliferation with samples loaded with ginger extract at day 7 compared to the control (*, n = 3, p < 0.05). (d) Osteoclast resorption pits show less-severe resorption and flattened pits with ginger and garlic extract-loaded samples compared to control HA. Surface area quantification reveals a statistical decrease in osteoclast resorption pit (***, n = 3, p < 0.001). (e) Ginger and garlic extract solutions show antibacterial properties against S. epidermidis bacteria seen by the zone of inhibition of 9.9 ± 1.3 and 9.7 ± 0.1 mm, respectively, around the white disc. Control disc shows no zone of inhibition.