Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Total Cohort (N=19,114) | CKD (eGFR <45 ml/min per 1.73 m2) (N=606) | Mild CKD (eGFR 45 to <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2) (N=2821) | All CKD (eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2) (N=3427) | eGFR ≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (N=15,223) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr, median (IQR) | 74 (71.6–77.7) | 77 (73.9–82.4) | 76 (72.5–80.4) | 76 (72.7–80.8) | 73 (71.5–77) |
| Age group, yr, n (%) | |||||
| 65–74 | 9569 (50) | 157 (26) | 1049 (37) | 1206 (35) | 8134 (53) |
| 75–84 | 8555 (45) | 341 (56) | 1489 (53) | 1830 (53) | 6513 (43) |
| ≥85 | 990 (5) | 108 (18) | 283 (10) | 391 (11) | 576 (4) |
| Sex, n (%) | |||||
| Male | 8332 (44) | 233 (38) | 1139 (40) | 1372 (40) | 6742 (44) |
| Female | 10,782 (56) | 373 (62) | 1682 (60) | 2055 (60) | 8481 (56) |
| eGFR, ml/min per 1.73 m2, median (IQR) | 74 (63–84) | 40 (36–43) | 55 (51–58) | 53 (48–57) | 78 (69–86) |
| UACR, mg/mmol, median (IQR) | 0.80 (0.50–1.50) | 1.1 (0.6–3.3) | 0.9 (0.5–1.8) | 0.90 (0.50–2.00) | 0.80 (0.50–1.40) |
| UACR <3 mg/mmol, n (%) | 16,046 (89) | 421 (73) | 2274 (85) | 2695 (83) | 13,024 (90) |
| UACR ≥3 mg/mmol, n (%) | 2085 (11) | 156 (27) | 404 (15) | 560 (17) | 1485 (10) |
| Education, yr, n (%) | |||||
| <12 | 8,636 (45%) | 312 (51%) | 1,365 (48%) | 1,677 (49%) | 6,710 (44%) |
| ≥12 | 10,477 (55%) | 294 (49%) | 1,456 (52%) | 1,750 (51%) | 8,512 (56%) |
| Race, n (%) | |||||
| White/Australia | 16,361 (86) | 511 (84) | 2393 (85) | 2904 (85) | 13,011 (86) |
| White/United States | 1088 (6) | 41 (7) | 207 (7) | 248 (7) | 839 (5) |
| Black | 901 (5) | 35 (6) | 138 (5) | 173 (5) | 725 (5) |
| Hispanic | 488 (2) | 7 (1) | 53 (2) | 60 (2) | 421 (3) |
| Other | 264 (1) | 11 (2) | 29 (1) | 40 (1) | 218 (1) |
| Country, n (%) | |||||
| Australia | 16,703 (87) | 523 (86) | 2432 (86) | 2955 (86) | 13,289 (87) |
| United States | 2411 (13) | 83 (14) | 389 (14) | 472 (14) | 1934 (13) |
| Diabetes, n (%)a | 2045 (11) | 104 (17) | 390 (14) | 494 (14) | 1507 (10) |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg, median (IQR) | 139 (127–151) | 141 (128–153) | 139 (128–152) | 140 (128–152) | 138 (127–150) |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg, median (IQR) | 77 (70–84) | 75 (67–84) | 77 (70–84) | 77 (69–84) | 77 (71–84) |
| Hypertension, n (%)b | 14,195 (74) | 551 (91) | 2329 (83) | 2880 (84) | 10,976 (72) |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 5.20 (4.60–5.90) | 5.00 (4.40–5.70) | 5.10 (4.50–5.90) | 5.10 (4.50–5.80) | 5.20 (4.60–5.90) |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 735 (4) | 19 (3) | 94 (3) | 113 (3) | 610 (4) |
IQR, interquartile range; UACR, urine albumin-creatinine ratio.
a
Defined by self-report, blood glucose ≥126 mg/dl, or treatment for diabetes.
b
Defined as the mean of three systolic BP readings >140 mm Hg, or three diastolic BP readings of >90 mm Hg, or by pharmacologic treatment for high BP.