Table 2.
Variables included in the propensity score generation model.
| category | included variables |
|---|---|
| maternal demographics | race/ethnicity, partner status, education, expected payment source, WIC eligibility, maternal age, pre-gravid BMI, region of residence [New England, mid-Atlantic, Southeast, Midwest, Southwest, West], whether the mother was Amish |
| obstetric history | gravidity, parity, history of cesarean, history of vaginal birth, history of other cervical surgery, history of other uterine surgery |
| pre-gravid history of chronic diseases | asthma, genetic disorders, hypothyroidism, frequent urinary tract infections, sexually-transmitted infections |
| pre-gravid history of psychosocial complications | anxiety, depression, eating disorders, domestic violence, sexual abuse, substance abuse |
| prenatal care characteristics | credentials held by the attending midwife, actual place of birth (home or birth center), number of prenatal visits |
| pregnancy complications | anemia, asthma, cholestasis, congenital anomalies diagnosed antenatally, spontaneous abortion of a twin with continuing pregnancy, group B strep infection, heart disease, hepatitis B or C infection, hyperemesis, hyperthyroid, hypothyroid, intrauterine growth restriction, urinary tract infection, oligohydramnois, polyhydramnios, preterm labor or premature rupture of membranes, post-term pregnancy, unexpected preterm birth diagnosed by clinical exam of the newborn, placenta previa, placental abruption, puritic urticarcical papules and plaques of pregnancy, Rh sensitivity, sexually-transmitted infections, genital herpes, single umbilical artery |
| psychosocial complications during pregnancy | anxiety, depression, eating disorder, sexual abuse, substance abuse, domestic violence |
| intrapartum characteristics and complications | whether an induction was attempted, either pharmacologic or non-pharmacologic, cord prolapse, maternal dehydration, malposition/malpresentation, maternal exhaustion, maternal request for pharmacologic pain relief, maternal shock, light meconium, thick or particulate meconium, non-reassuring fetal heart tones, hypertension, pre-eclampsia, prolonged rupture of membranes with or without labor, urine retention, maternal pushing position, failure to progress in the first stagea, failure to progress in the second stagea, length of active labor, length of pushing, length of time membranes were ruptured |
a
As indicated by the attending midwife; no standard definitions were given