. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: Diabetes Obes Metab. 2022 Feb 15;24(6):1176–1179. doi: 10.1111/dom.14659

Table 1: Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Persons after COVID-19.

Representation of risk of T2DM among persons with SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to influenza. The relative risk compares the risk of T2DM between persons infected with SARS-CoV-2 against persons infected with influenza after matching for age, sex, race, ethnicity, obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, nicotine dependence, substance use, socioeconomic deprivation, and family history of diabetes mellitus

Cohort	Persons in Cohort^a	Persons with new-onset T2DM	Rate (per 1000 person years)^b	Risk Ratio, 95% CI
Mild COVID-19 VS Mild Influenza	313,924	3,510	23	1.54 (1.46–1.62)
Mild COVID-19 VS Mild Influenza	319,783	2,328	15	1.54 (1.46–1.62)
Moderate/Severe COVID-19 VS Moderate/Severe Influenza	10,436	424	83	1.46 (1.26–1.69)
Moderate/Severe COVID-19 VS Moderate/Severe Influenza	10,951	304	56	1.46 (1.26–1.69)
Mild COVID-19 (no steroids) VS Mild Influenza (no steroids)	276,748	2,154	16	1.22 (1.14–1.29)
Mild COVID-19 (no steroids) VS Mild Influenza (no steroids)	280,851	1,798	13	1.22 (1.14–1.29)
Moderate/Severe COVID-19 (no steroids) VS Moderate/Severe Influenza (no steroids)	5,357	166	63	1.42 (1.13–1.80)
	5,424	118	44	1.42 (1.13–1.80)

Persons with outcome prior to the time window were excluded from results

Rate per 1000 person years were calculated as followed: (Persons with new T2DM) / [(Persons in cohort) × (180/365)] × 1000

Abbreviations – T2DM; Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus