FIGURE 1.

Compartmental model incorporating false negative test results. There are total 10 compartments in this model. The S and E compartments corresponds to Susceptible (who have not been infected till now) and Exposed (who are infected with the virus but are still not infectious). There are three infectious compartments, namely, U (Untested infectious), P (Tested Positive), and F (Tested False Negative). Finally the four compartments RU, RR, DU, and DR denote the Recovered Unreported, Recovered Reported, Deceased Unreported, and Deceased Reported, respectively. $\beta$ corresponds to the rate of transmission by false negative (F) individuals, while for U and P, it is multiplied by scaling factors ${\alpha }_u$ and ${\alpha }_p$. Other parameters include $D_e$ which corresponds to the incubation period, f which is the false negative rate (= 1‐sensitivity) and r which denotes the rate of ascertainment. $D_r$, ${\beta }_1.D_r$, and $D_r/{\beta }_2$ correspond to recovery period for P, $U,$ and F, respectively, while ${\mu }_c$, ${\delta }_1$, ${\mu }_c$, and ${\mu }_c/{\delta }_2$ denote the death rates for P, U, and F, respectively