Insulin regulates food intake and energy expenditure through hypothalamic neurons. A prominent role of insulin signaling in the brain is to regulate food intake and energy metabolism through hypothalamic POMC and AgRP/NYP neurons. The interplay across these cell types contributes to the maintenance of the balance between appetite and satiety. Created with BioRender.com.
Abbreviations: AgRP/NPY, agouti-related neuropeptide/neuropeptide Y; α-MSH, alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone; InsR, insulin receptor; MC3R, melanocortin 3 receptor; MC4R, melanocortin 4 receptor; PI3K, Phosphoinositide 3-kinase; POMC, proopiomelanocortin; TRPC, transient receptor potential canonical channels.