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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Apr 15.
Published in final edited form as: Acta Biomater. 2022 Mar 12;143:26–38. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.03.014

Table 2.

Signaling molecules involved in stem cell homing for in situ regeneration

Homing factor Target cell Target cell receptor Clinical application Refs.
Substance P BM-MSCs; stromal-like cells Neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R); CD29 Bone repair; neovascularization; osteoarthritis; angiogenesis [36, 37]
Stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) HSCs; MSCs; EPCs; NPCs C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) Neurogenesis; neural repair; angiogenesis; tendon regeneration; dental pulp repair/regeneration; osteochondral repair [38–43]
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) HSCs; BM-MSCs; EPCs — Neurogenesis, neural repair/regeneration; angiogenesis; repair; renal tubular repair; Vascularization [44–46]
Stem cell factor (SCF) HSCs CD34; CD117 Vascular wall repair; dental pulp repair/regeneration; renal tubular repair; [47, 48]
Monocyte chemotactic proteinl &3 (MCP-1&3) Angiogenic cells; MSCs CC-chemokine family Angiogenesis [49]
Transforming growth factor p3 BM-MSCs; synovium SCs — Cartilage repair [50]