(A) Western blots showing amounts of exosome ubiquitinated protein, APP, CS protein, FGF21 protein, and total protein; the bottom panel used amido black to define the amount of total protein and served as a loading control. (B) Relative amounts of ubiquitinated protein normalized to total protein. (C) Relative amounts of APP normalized to total protein. (D) Relative amounts of CS protein normalized to total protein. (E) Relative amounts of FGF21 protein normalized to total protein. Data represent means ± SEM, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, as analyzed through one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test; significant changes relative to the no-treatment control (Ctrl), and between the DFP and bafilomycin+DFP conditions, are indicated.