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. 2022 Apr 23;22:162. doi: 10.1186/s12935-022-02574-2

Table 2.

Univariate and multivariate analyses of risk factors associated with overall survival and disease-free survival of HCC patients in training cohort

Clinicopathologic variables OS DFS
Univariate analysis Multivariate analysis Univariate analysis Multivariate analysis
P
HR (95% CI)
P
HR (95% CI)
P
HR (95% CI)
P
HR (95% CI)
Gender 0.221 NA 0.245 NA
 Female 1 1
 Male 1.295(0.856–1.958) 1.278(0.845–1.931)
Age (years) 0.018 0.325 0.014 0.113
 ≤ 50 1 1 1 1
 > 50 1.595(1.085–2.345) 1.237(0.810–1.889) 1.622(1.102–2.385) 1.366(0.929–2.008)
AFP(ng/ml) 0.001 0.003 0.002  < 0.001
 < 20 1 1 1 1
 ≥ 20 2.235(1.384–3.611) 2.198(1.300–3.713) 2.154(1.334–3.478) 2.308(1.441–3.696)
Hepatitis B status 0.655 NA 0.634 NA
 Negative 1 1
 Positive 1.099(0.727–1.660) 1.106(0.732–1.671)
Liver cirrhosis 0.266 NA 0.350 NA
 Absent 1 1
 Present 1.239(0.849–1.809) 1.196(0.822–1.739)
Child–Pugh classification 0.480 NA 0.468 NA
 A 1 1
 B 1.148(0.783–1.684) 1.153(0.786–1.691)
Tumor size (cm) 0.245 NA 0.267 NA
 ≤ 5 1 1
 > 5 1.248(0.859–1.814) 1.235(0.850–1.795)
Tumor nodule number 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.002
 Solitary 1 1 1 1
 Multiple (≥ 2) 1.935(1.329–2.817) 2.195(1.379–3.493) 1.864(1.282–2.710) 1.983(1.296–3.034)
Capsulation formation 0.008 0.263 0.010 0.214
 Presence 1 1 1 1
 Absence 1.650(1.139–2.390) 1.288(0.827–2.005) 1.619(1.120–2.342) 1.298(0.860–1.960)
Edmondson- Steiner grade 0.004 0.504 0.001 0.193
 I&II 1 1 1 1
 III&IV 1.784(1.207–2.638) 1.253(0.647–2.427) 1.790(1.253–2.557) 1.308(0.873–1.958)
Microvascular invasion 0.027 0.041  < 0.001 0.010
 Absence 1 1 1 1
 Presence 1.529(1.049–2.229) 1.898(1.028–3.507) 2.110(1.489–2.991) 2.044(1.187–3.522)
Macrovascular invasion  < 0.001 0.008  < 0.001 0.012
 Absence 1 1 1 1
 Presence 2.728(1.741–4.273) 2.191(1.230–3.902) 2.247(1.450–3.483) 2.086(1.174–3.707)
BCLC stage 0.001 0.012 0.001 0.001
 0&A 1 1 1 1
 B&C 1.914(1.301–2.815) 1.697(1.125–2.560) 1.828(1.289–2.592) 1.873(1.286–2.729)
TNM stage  < 0.001 0.010  < 0.001 0.005
 I 1 1 1 1
 II&III 2.197(1.481–3.259) 1.778(1.148–2.755) 1.975(1.387–2.813) 1.797(1.196–2.700)
CNLC stage  < 0.001 0.001 0.008 0.045
 I 1 1 1 1
 II&III 2.300(1.576–3.358) 2.019(1.318–3.094) 1.593(1.130–2.246) 2.002(1.017–3.942)
Piezo1 expression  < 0.001 0.026  < 0.001 0.001
 Low 1 1 1 1
 High 2.048(1.374–3.053) 1.671(1.064–2.625) 1.943(1.355–2.787) 1.894(1.285–2.972)

Bold values P < 0.05

HR hazard risk ratio, CI confidence interval, NA not applicable, AFP alpha-fetoprotein, HBsAg hepatitis B surface antigen, TNM tumor node metastasis, BCLC Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer, CNLC China Clinic Liver Cancer