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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Nov 15.
Published in final edited form as: Cell. 2021 Nov 4;184(23):5807–5823.e14. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.10.006

Figure 2. JH3 and 20E recapitulate caste-biased gene expression in vitro.

Figure 2.

(A) Scheme for the preparation of primary neuronal cultures.

(B) Immunofluorescence on neuronal cultures. Arrowheads indicate neuronal projections.

(C) RNA-seq for neuronal cultures maintained in JH3 or 20E conditions. Data are from 4 (JH3) and 5 (20E) biological replicates.

(D) Top “biological process” GO enriched in genes differentially expressed from the JH3 vs. 20E comparison in (C).

(E) PCA based on the 1,000 most variable genes for neurons cultured with JH3 or 20E (semi-transparent circles) and brains from mature workers or gamergates (full circles).

(F) Overlap of genes differentially expressed between neurons grown in JH3 and 20E with caste-biased genes from Fig. 1. The P-value was obtained by comparison with 1,000,000 random permutations.

(G) The MA plot shows differential gene expression in mature worker and gamergate brains (from Fig. 1A). Colors highlight the genes upregulated (adj. P < 0.1) in neurons grown in JH3 (green) or 20E (blue) conditions in vitro. P-values are from Fisher’s exact tests for the overlaps of the significant genes in vitro and in vivo.

See also Figures S2–4 and Tables S1–2.