TABLE 1.

Demographic characteristics of epidemiological studies

			Age in years	Race and ethnicity demographics		Other demographic information	% sample		Quality Summary score
Article Author, year	N Sample N	Sex % female	Mean (SD)a; range	% white	Racial, ethnicity, and nationality details	SES, education, etc.	AAN	AN
Machado et al. (2007)	2,028	100%	16.2 (1.3); 16.1 (1.2); 12–23	NR	Study conducted in Portugal.	21% high SES, 22% medium high SES, 32% medium SES, 24% medium low SES, 1% low SES. 9th-12th graders from 11 public schools.	0.2%	0.4%	0.82
Zimmerman et al. (2008)	2,500	60.6%	38.3 (12.8); NR	87.6%	Study conducted in US.	Community-based outpatient clinic patients. 90.2% graduated high school; 41.6% married; and 31.0% single.	0.4%	0.0%	0.77
Isomaa et al. (2010)	606	47.5%	15.4 (0.4); 15	NR	Study conducted in Finland.	Sampled rural and urban areas. All 15-year-old pupils in 9th grade in Jakobstad region. Some schools spoke Finnish, others Swedish.	1.8%	0.7%	0.91
Allen et al. (2013)	1,383	51%	14.0 (0.2); 16.9 (0.2); 20.0 (0.4); 14–20	NR	Born in Australia.	Single-parent families and lower income families were statistically less represented.	m: 0.3, 0.0, 0.3%; f: 0.9, 0.0, 0.1%	m: 0.0, 0.0, 0.0%; f: 0.3,b, 0.6%	0.86
Machado et al. (2013)	3,048	100%	16.2 (1.3); 21.8 (4.1); 12–58	NR	Study conducted in Portugal.	Students in high school and university.	0.40%	0.7%	0.82
Stice et al. (2013)	496	100%	13; 12–23	68%	Study conducted in US. 2% Asian/Pacific Islanders, 7% African Americans, 68% Caucasians, 18% Hispanic, 1% Native Americans, 4% other or mixed racial heritage.	Average parental education: 29% high school graduate or less, 23% some college, 33% college graduate, 15% graduate degree. All in 7th or 8th grade.	2.8%	0.8%	0.91
Fairweather-Schmidt and Wade (2014); including Wade and O’Shea (2015)	699	100%	14.0 (NR); 15.1 (NR); 16.9 (NR); 12.7–19.8	100%	Study conducted in Australia. Sample was Caucasian.	SES index for areas: 101.14 (standard mean: 100).	1.9% AAN; 4.7% RED	2.0%	0.87
Hammerle et al. (2016); including Ernst et al. (2017)	1,654	52.8%	13.4 (0.8); NR	NR	Sample from a single region in Germany.	All types of secondary schools in Rhineland-Palatinate. 55.6% 7th grade; 44.4% 8th grade.	3.6%	0.3%	0.87
Mustelin et al. (2016)	2,825	100%	24.4 (0.9); 22–27	NR	Born in Finland.	NR	0.2%		0.78
Forney et al. (2017)	2,464	67.8%	f: 35.3 (11.8); m: 32.4 (12.3); NR	67%	Study conducted in US. 67.0% non-Hispanic Caucasian, 17.4% Asian, 6.7% Hispanic, 6.3% African American, 0.6% American Indian/Alaska native, 0.4% native Hawaiian/other Pacific islander, 1.8% “other” or did not answer.	Attending a private university.	2–13%		0.82
Micali et al. (2017)	5,658	100%	47.8 (4.5); “midlife”	97.9%	Study conducted in United Kingdom.	Women with higher education were overrepresented. Participants birthed babies.	1.7%	3.6%	0.78
Hay et al. (2017)	5,737	49.8%	43.5 (NR); 15+	NR	Study conducted in Australia.	Median income for people with AN-broad was $50–60,000.	2.5%	0.5%	0.91
Castelao-Naval et al. (2019)	422	60.0%	24.5 (6.6); 18–75	NR	Study conducted in Spain.	University students with these majors: 56.4% nursing, 32.3% physiotherapy, 7.1% podiatry + physiotherapy, 4.3% optometry.	12.8% risk of AN		0.64
Mitchison et al. (2020)	5,191	48.4%c	14.9 (NR); 11–19	NR	88.2% born in Australia.	Lower SES students were statistically less represented. 41.7% grades 7–8; 39.7% grades 9–10; 18.6% grades 11–12.	2.9%	0.7%	0.91
Silén et al. (2020)	1,347	52.6%	22.4 (0.7); 21–26	NR	Born in Finland.	NR	1.2%	3.4%	0.86

Abbreviations: AN, anorexia nervosa; AAN, atypical anorexia nervosa; f, female; m, male; NR, not reported; PD, purging disorder; RED, restrictive eating disorder; SES, socioeconomic status; US, United States.

^aMultiple waves or studies separated by semi-colons.

^bAge group not explicitly stated.

^c49.2% male, and 2.4% “other” gender.