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. 2022 Mar 23;414(12):3653–3665. doi: 10.1007/s00216-022-04006-6

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — Comparison between liver sections of a bisex-infected hamster (A, C) and a healthy control sample (B, D). For A, m/z 500.275684, LPE(20:4), [M − H]⁻(red) was found to be a marker for granuloma; m/z 776.526946, MMPE(16:0_22:6), [M − H]⁻ (blue) a marker for surrounding tissue; and m/z 866.592639, PS(42:4), [M − H]⁻(green) a marker for schistosome eggs. For the non-infected sample, B shows the same ions in the same colors, but no characteristic distribution was found. This underlines that statistical markers found by LC–MS/MS also show recognizable and allocatable distributions in the imaging measurements. In image C, m/z 746.511353, plasmenyl-PE(P-16:0/22:6), [M − H]⁻(red) as a marker for granuloma and m/z 752.555581, plasmanyl-PE(O-18:0/20:4), [M − H]⁻(green) as a marker for granuloma borders were selected for creating the RGB image. Again, m/z 776.526946 was taken as a marker for non-affected tissue (blue). The same coding as in C was chosen for image D of a non-infected (control) sample, and again, we found no characteristic distribution. Scale bars are 1 mm. Single-ion images are shown in Figure S7 and Figure S8. E and F are the corresponding optical images of the samples