Table 3.
Prevalence of Cataract and Operated Cataract by Socio-Demographic and Lifestyle Factors
| 2000, Cataract, %/Age-Adjusted % | 2011, Cataract, %/Age-Adjusted % | Incidencea, Cataract, % | 2000, Operated, %/Age-Adjusted % | 2011, Operated, %/Age-Adjusted % | Incidencea, Operated, % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marital status, P | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.034 | 0.008 | 0.009 |
| Living in a relationship | 5.4/7.8 | 9.5/13.2 | 12.3 | 3.1/5.0 | 5.7/8.4 | 7.8 |
| Divorced or separated | 7.5/10.0 | 11.8/14.2 | 10.7 | 5.0/6.7 | 6.7/8.8 | 4.9 |
| Widowed | 34.0/11.6 | 46.0/17.0 | 33.4 | 23.8/6.4 | 35.1/10.2 | 31.1 |
| Single | 7.8/9.8 | 8.3/13.5 | 7.1 | 5.3/6.5 | 5.1/9.0 | 5.2 |
| Education, P | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.53 | 0.002 | <0.0001 |
| Basic education | 17.0/9.4 | 27.4/13.5 | 21.8 | 11.1/5.9 | 20.0/9.4 | 17.1 |
| Vocational education | 6.1/8.9 | 11.7/13.8 | 10.8 | 3.8/5.8 | 7.3/9.0 | 6.8 |
| Higher education | 3.4/7.8 | 5.7/12.2 | 8.2 | 2.5/5.6 | 2.9/6.3 | 3.9 |
| Income, P | 0.20 | 0.002 | 0.052 | 0.34 | 0.018 | 0.41 |
| Insufficient income | 9.1/11.0 | 10.1/13.9 | 14.6 | 5.6/6.8 | 5.2/8.1 | 8.7 |
| Limited income | 7.6/8.8 | 10.2/13.0 | 14.7 | 4.6/5.5 | 5.3/7.0 | 10.3 |
| Sufficient income | 7.5/8.7 | 14.6/13.9 | 11.8 | 5.0/5.9 | 9.4/9.0 | 7.6 |
| Occupation, P | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.003 | 0.93 | 0.16 | 0.001 |
| Employee | 7.6/9.1 | 6.4/12.9 | 12.1 | 4.9/5.9 | 4.7/9.5 | 7.6 |
| Farmer | 19.3/9.2 | 23.9/10.6 | 22.5 | 12.1/5.8 | 21.5/8.8 | 21.0 |
| Other entrepreneur or freelancer | 6.5/7.2 | 7.4/13.5 | 9.9 | 4.2/4.7 | 4.8/8.8 | 6.6 |
| Smoking, P | <0.0001 | 0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.080 | 0.22 | 0.53 |
| Daily or occasional smoker | 2.9/8.0 | 5.1/13.0 | 7.3 | 2.2/6.0 | 2.9/9.8 | 4.5 |
| Former smoker | 9.5/8.7 | 14.9/15.5 | 14.7 | 6.2/5.8 | 8.8/9.6 | 9.1 |
| Never-smoker | 11.3/9.2 | 16.2/13.2 | 14.9 | 7.0/5.6 | 10.4/8.3 | 10.2 |
| Body mass index, P | <0.0001 | 0.010 | <0.0001 | 0.047 | 0.002 | 0.29 |
| Underweight | 18.2/11.4 | 12.2/11.2 | 8.8 | 14.4/8.6 | 5.8/5.7 | 2.9 |
| Normal weight | 6.7/8.1 | 10.9/13.1 | 8.8 | 4.9/5.8 | 8.1/9.8 | 6.2 |
| Overweight/obese | 9.3/9.4 | 13.8/13.7 | 15.2 | 5.6/5.8 | 8.5/8.6 | 10.2 |
| Alcohol consumption, P | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.28 | 0.009 | 0.018 |
| High alcohol consumption | 3.2/7.1 | 5.8/13.5 | 8.2 | 2.2/5.2 | 3.4/9.5 | 5.5 |
| Low alcohol consumption | 5.6/9.0 | 10.1/13.1 | 11.4 | 3.4/5.9 | 5.6/8.1 | 6.9 |
| No alcohol consumption | 20.5/10.6 | 27.8/14.4 | 24.2 | 13.6/6.6 | 19.6/9.5 | 19.9 |
Notes: Cataract patients were compared to persons with no cataract and operated cataract patients to unoperated cataract patients using chi-squared test. For statistical analyses, unadjusted prevalence was used. aIncidence between 2000 and 2011, with parameters in 2000.