TABLE 3.
Predictors of Overall Survival
| Base Model n = 13,874 HR (95% CI) | Low‐Poverty Neighborhoods n = 6,489 HR (95% CI) | Moderate‐Poverty Neighborhoods n = 4,145 HR (95% CI) | High‐Poverty Neighborhoods n = 3,240 HR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Curative treatment | ||||
| Not received | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Received | 0.42 (0.40, 0.44) | 0.43 (0.40, 0.46) | 0.41 (0.37, 0.45) | 0.42 (0.38, 0.46) |
| Age at diagnosis | ||||
| 65‐69 years | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| 70‐74 years | 1.12 (1.06, 1.18) | 1.14 (1.05, 1.23) | 1.12 (1.01, 1.23) | 1.10(1.00, 1.22) |
| 75‐79 years | 1.22 (1.15, 1.29) | 1.30 (1.20, 1.41) | 1.15 (1.04, 1.27) | 1.17 (1.04, 1.30) |
| 80 years and over | 1.32 (1.25, 1.39) | 1.44 (1.33, 1.56) | 1.27 (1.16, 1.40) | 1.19 (1.06, 1.33) |
| Male | 1.03 (0.99, 1.07) | 1.04 (0.98, 1.10) | 1.00 (0.93, 1.07) | 1.07 (0.98, 1.16) |
| Race and ethnicity | ||||
| White | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Black | 1.01 (0.94, 1.08) | 0.87 (0.73, 1.04) | 0.95 (0.82, 1.09) | 1.13 (1.02, 1.25) |
| Asian | 0.79 (0.74, 0.84) | 0.76 (0.69, 0.83) | 0.88 (0.78, 0.98) | 0.75 (0.65, 0.86) |
| Hispanic | 0.97 (0.88, 1.06) | 0.97 (0.82, 1.15) | 1.06 (0.92, 1.23) | 0.92 (0.78, 1.07) |
| Other/unknown | 0.83 (0.77, 0.90) | 0.80 (0.71, 0.90) | 0.83 (0.71, 0.97) | 0.91 (0.78, 1.06) |
| Neighborhood‐level SES | ||||
| Low‐poverty neighborhoods | Ref. | _ | _ | _ |
| Moderate‐poverty neighborhoods | 0.97 (0.92, 1.01) | |||
| High‐poverty neighborhoods | 0.95 (0.89, 1.01) | |||
| Census tract education level | 1.00 (1.00, 1.01) | 1.01 (1.00, 1.01) | 1.01 (1.00, 1.01) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.01) |
| Geographic region | ||||
| West | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Northeast | 0.97 (0.92, 1.02) | 0.96 (0.90, 1.03) | 1.00 (0.90, 1.12) | 0.88 (0.76, 1.03) |
| Midwest | 1.12 (1.04, 1.19) | 1.17 (1.06, 1.29) | 1.09 (0.97, 1.22) | 0.97 (0.84, 1.11) |
| South | 1.11 (1.05, 1.17) | 1.10 (1.00, 1.20) | 1.07 (0.98, 1.16) | 1.12 (1.02, 1.23) |
| Unifocal lesion | ||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | 0.57 (0.54, 0.60) | 0.55 (0.51, 0.60) | 0.56 (0.51, 0.62) | 0.58 (0.53, 0.64) |
| Nondeterminable | 1.14 (1.10, 1.19) | 1.16 (1.09, 1.23) | 1.14 (1.05, 1.22) | 1.12 (1.03, 1.21) |
| NCI comorbidity index | ||||
| 0 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| 1 | 1.01 (0.96, 1.07) | 1.00 (0.92, 1.09) | 1.01 (0.91, 1.11) | 1.04 (0.92, 1.17) |
| 2 | 0.93 (0.88, 0.99) | 1.00 (0.91, 1.09) | 0.89 (0.79, 1.00) | 0.86 (0.76, 0.98) |
| 3 | 0.94 (0.88, 1.00) | 1.01 (0.91, 1.11) | 0.86 (0.77, 0.97) | 0.91 (0.80, 1.03) |
| 4 | 1.16 (1.07, 1.26) | 1.21 (1.08, 1.37) | 1.30 (1.12, 1.52) | 0.92 (0.78, 1.09) |
| ≥5 | 1.13 (1.07, 1.21) | 1.23 (1.12, 1.36) | 1.15 (1.03, 1.28) | 0.96 (0.85, 1.08) |
| Liver disease etiology | ||||
| HCV | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| HBV | 1.25 (1.18, 1.32) | 1.21 (1.11, 1.32) | 1.32 (1.18, 1.46) | 1.27 (1.13, 1.43) |
| Alcohol‐related liver disease | 0.84 (0.75, 0.93) | 0.86 (0.74, 1.01) | 0.78 (0.64, 0.94) | 0.86 (0.68, 1.08) |
| Other liver disease | 1.14 (1.06, 1.22) | 1.11 (1.00, 1.22) | 1.22 (1.07, 1.39) | 1.13 (0.98, 1.32) |
| MAFLD | 0.97 (0.85, 1.11) | 1.00 (0.82, 1.20) | 1.06 (0.83, 1.36) | 0.70 (0.47, 1.02) |
| No identifiable liver disease | 1.22 (1.16, 1.28) | 1.22 (1.13, 1.31) | 1.19 (1.08, 1.30) | 1.28 (1.15, 1.41) |
| Liver dysfunction | ||||
| Presence of hepatic encephalopathy | 0.97 (0.89, 1.07) | 1.04 (0.91, 1.19) | 0.89 (0.77, 1.04) | 0.96 (0.81, 1.14) |
| Presence of ascites | 1.20 (1.12, 1.28) | 1.19 (1.07, 1.33) | 1.22 (1.08, 1.37) | 1.22 (1.07, 1.40) |
Abbreviation: Ref., reference.