Table 2.

Summary of Included Studies Focused on the ICU Setting^*

First author	Location	Design	Sample size	Participants	Visitor Policy
Azoulay E27	France	Cross-sectional survey	1058	Frontline health care providers (median age: 33, female: 71%)	Some restriction
Azad TD29	Maryland, United States	Retrospective cohort	940	Adult decedents	Some restriction
Piscitello GM30	Illinois, United States	Retrospective cohort	61	Patients lacking medical decision-making capacity	Some restriction
Cattelan J31	France	Prospective cohort	88	Reference persons of patients referred to ICU for COVID-19 (female: 65%, first-degree relatives of the patient: 92%)	No visitors
Chen C32	New York, United States	Cross-sectional survey	10	Family members of adult patients with COVID-19 in the ICU	No visitors
Creutzfeldt CJ33	Washington, United States	Cross-sectional survey	19	Family members of patients with severe acute brain injury (female: 59%)	No visitors
Kennedy NR34	Pennsylvania, United States	Qualitative interview	21	Family members cardiothoracic and neurologic ICU patients (mean age: 56, female: 76%)	Some restriction
			14	Treating clinicians of cardiothoracic and neurologic ICU patients (female: 36%)
Sasangohar F35	Texas, United States	Cross-sectional survey	230	Family members of intensive care unit patients	No visitors
Jeyabraba S36	UK	Retrospective survey	24	Families affected by the visitor restrictions during the coronavirus period	No visitors
Rose L37	UK	Cross-sectional survey	117 ICUs	217 UK hospitals with at least 1 ICU	Mixed
Azoulay E27	France	Cross-sectional survey	1058	Frontline health care providers (median age: 33, female: 71%)	Some restriction
Boulton AJ28	UK	Cross-sectional survey	134	ICUs with patients with COVID-19	Some restriction

COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019; ICU = intensive care unit.

^⁎The “No visitors” designation was reserved for studies that explicitly stated no visitors were allowed under any circumstances, per hospital policy. Gender and mean or median age reported as available.