Figure 3.

Constituents of wearable energy systems

(A ) Yarn-based photovoltaic cells and its integration into a solar-based textile (Chen et al., 2016; Li et al., 2015).

(B) Printed, sprayed, and embedded solar cell using textile substrate (Arumugam et al., 2016). (C) Textile fabric-based hye sensitized solar cell (Arbab et al., 2016)

(D) Printed and hot-pressed thermoelectric devices on textile substrate (Elmoughni et al., 2019).

(E) Yarn-based thermoelectric device and the assembly of the yarns into textile (Ding et al., 2020).

(F) Charge generation methods of piezoelectric materials (Dong et al., 2019).

(G) Yarn-based triboelectric materials weaved into textiles (Lund et al., 2018).

(H) Four modes of charge generation in triboelectric nanogenerators (Dong et al., 2019).

(I) Printed piezoelectric generator (Paosangthong et al., 2019; Wen et al., 2019).

(J) Illustration of the charge-generation mechanism of biofuel cells (Yin et al., 2021a).

(K) Yarn-based glucose biofuel cells (Kwon et al., 2014).

(L) Printed textile-based lactate biofuel cells (Jeerapan et al., 2016).

(M) Printed textile-based silver oxide-zinc battery (Kumar et al., 2017).

(N) Yarn-based zinc ion battery and its integration in textiles (Li et al., 2018c).

(O) Yarn-based supercapacitor and their integration into textiles (Qu et al., 2016; Sun et al., 2016). (P) Printed textile-based flexible supercapacitor (Pu et al., 2016a).