Figure 6.

Anti-coliticeffect of capsaicin in mice and its inhibition on Ca²⁺signaling in IEC-6 cells pretreated with TNF-α.A and B, summary data showing the time course of body weight and mouse colon length after different treatments without (Ctrl) or with capsaicin (intragastrically (10 mg/kg) once per day for 7 days), DSS, or DSS + Cap (n = 5). C and D, summary data showing the time courses of stool score and MPO after different treatments as in A and B. E, histological examination and immunohistological analysis showing colonic micro-structure (the upper panels) and TRPV4 immunostaining (the lower panels) after different treatments as in A and B. The scale bar represents 100 μm for each image. F and G, summary data showing histological score and TRPV4 protein level after different treatments as in A and B. H and I, summary tracings of [Ca²⁺]_cyt time course in response to GSK (10 nM) in IEC-6 cells without (n = 22) or with (n = 28) TNF-α (40 ng/ml) pretreatment. J–M, summary tracings of [Ca²⁺]_cyt time course showing the inhibitory effect of Cap at different doses on GSK-induced [Ca²⁺]_cyt signaling in IEC-6 cells pretreated with TNF-α. N, summary data showing the inhibitory effect of Cap at different doses on peaks of GSK-increased [Ca²⁺]_cyt signaling described as in H–M. The data are presented as mean ± SD. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, and ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001 were performed by Student’s t test. [Ca²⁺]_cyt, cytosolic Ca²⁺ concentrations; DSS, dextran sodium sulfate; IECs, intestinal epithelial cells; MPO, myeloperoxidase; TRPV, transient receptor potential vanilloid.