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. 2022 Apr 11;12:813953. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.813953

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Copyright © 2022 Zhou, Ji, Yao, Guo, Zhang, Wang and Du

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Inhibitory effects of ginsenoside Rd on inflammatory responses in vitro. (A) The sketch of anti-inflammation experiments in vitro. (B) Expressions of IL1B, IL6, and CXCL8 genes were normalized by the 2^−ΔΔCt method relative to the human ACTB reference gene. (C) Concentrations of secreted IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 were determined by ELISA. The results are shown as mean ± SD (n = 3). ^* p < 0.05 versus the normal control; ^# p < 0.05 versus the 0-μM group.