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. 2022 Apr 11;12:813953. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.813953

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Copyright © 2022 Zhou, Ji, Yao, Guo, Zhang, Wang and Du

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of ginsenoside Rd on the P. gingivalis quantity, local inflammation, and osteoclastogenesis in vivo. (A) The total bacterial load in the GCF was shown by the plate spreading method, and the subgingival P. gingivalis abundance was quantitated by qRT-PCR. (B) Photographs of immunohistochemical staining and positive rates of IL-1β and IL-6 cytokines in tissue sections. (C) Photographs and counts for multinucleated TRAP (+) cells in tissue sections. The results are shown as mean ± SD (n = 3). ^* p < 0.05 versus the normal control; ^# p < 0.05 versus the periodontitis group.