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. 2022 Apr 11;13:866352. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.866352

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Copyright © 2022 Kajimoto, Kameda, Kambara, Kuroda, Tsuji, Nikaido, Saura and Wanibuchi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Changes in iNPH grading scale over 4 years. All symptoms improved at 1 year postoperatively. Gait disturbance and urinary incontinence improved significantly at 1, 2, and 4 years postoperatively and at 1, 2, and 3 years postoperatively, respectively. The improvement in cognitive impairment lasted for 1-2 years but returned to the original level at 4 years. Changes in the INPHGS were assessed using Wilcoxon's signed-rank test. INPHGS, idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus grading scale. Asterisks indicate significant differences compared to preoperative values (p < 0.05).