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. 2022 Apr 11;13:866352. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.866352

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Copyright © 2022 Kajimoto, Kameda, Kambara, Kuroda, Tsuji, Nikaido, Saura and Wanibuchi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Changes in the high and low MMSE groups over 4 years. (A) In the low MMSE group, with a preoperative MMSE of 24-27, the MMSE improved significantly to 28.0 at 1 year postoperatively, with only a slight decline thereafter. (B) In the high MMSE group, with a preoperative MMSE of 28-30, the MMSE decreased slowly until 4 years postoperatively. There was no difference between the two groups at 4 years postoperatively. MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination. Asterisks indicate significant differences compared to preoperative values (p < 0.05).