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. 2022 Apr 16;2022:4505513. doi: 10.1155/2022/4505513

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Nrf2 inhibition promoted the onset of lipid peroxidation and aggravated liver injury in mice. (a) Results of western blot confirmed the successful inhibition of Nrf2 using ML385 in vivo (n = 3). (b) The mice treated with ML385 demonstrated a more severe liver injury (hepatocytes necrosis, destruction of the lobular structure, infiltration of inflammatory cells, obvious vascular congestion, and hemorrhage) compared with the ACLF mice. Original magnification ×100 (Bar = 40 μm) and ×200 (Bar = 20 μm). (c) Significantly increased serum ALT and AST suggested the aggravated liver damage of mice treated with ML385. (d) ML385 treatment also increased the protein levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α). (e–g) The mice treated with ML385 showed increased lipid peroxidation as evidenced by decreased hepatic GSH and NADPH content and increased hepatic MDA levels. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001. n = 3 (control), n = 6 (ACLF), n = 3 (ACLF+ML385). ALT = alanine aminotransferase. AST = aspartate aminotransferase; ACLF = acute-on-chronic liver failure; GSH = glutathione; IL-6 = interleukin-6; MDA = malondialdehyde; Nrf2 = nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; NADPH = nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor alpha.