TABLE 2.
Differentially expressed miRNAs involved in JEV infection and their targetsa.
| microRNA | Virus-types | Host system | Target | Effect | References |
| ↓ miR-370-5p | JEV(SA14-14-2 strain) | U251 | — | Promote virus replication | Li W. et al., 2016 |
| ↑ miR-374b-5p | JEV (JaOArS982 strain) | Human microglial cells | ↓ PTEN | Promote virus replication | Rastogi and Singh, 2019 |
| ↓ miR-466d-3p | JEV(P3 strain) | BV2, NA | ↑ IL-1β | Promote virus replication | Jiang et al., 2020 |
| ↓ miR-432 | JEV (JaOArS982 strain) | CHME3 | ↑ SOCS5 | Promote virus replication | Sharma et al., 2016 |
| ↑ miR-146a | JEV (JaOArS982 strain) | CHME3 | ↓ STAT1, TRAF6, IRAK1, IRAK2 |
Promote virus replication Anti-inflammatory |
Sharma et al., 2015 |
| ↓ miR-33a-5p | JEV(P3 strain) | HEK293T | ↑ EEF1A1 | Promote virus replication | Chen et al., 2016 |
| ↑ miR-22 | JEV NS1’ defective viruses (rG66A strain) |
HeLa | ↓ MAVS | Promote virus replication | Zhou et al., 2020 |
| ↑ miR-301a | JEV(GP78 strain) | HT22 CHME3, BV2 |
↓ SOCS5, IRF1 ↓ NKRF |
Promote virus replication Promote inflammation |
Hazra et al., 2017, 2019 |
| ↑ miR-125b-5p | JEV(RP-9 strain) | BHK-21 | ↓ STAT3, MAP2K7, TRIAP1 | Inhibit virus replication | Huang et al., 2021 |
| ↑ ssc-miR-124 | JEV(SA14-14-2 strain) | PK15 | ↓ DNM2 | Inhibit virus replication | Yang et al., 2016 |
| miR-34a | JEV (SA-14-2-8 strain) | HeLa | ↓ Wnt/β-catenin pathway | Inhibit virus replication | Smith et al., 2017 |
| ↑ miR-155 | JEV(P20778 strain) JEV(GP78 strain) |
CHME3 BV-2, Mice brain tissues |
↓ IRF8, ↑ CD45 ↓ SHIP1 |
Inhibit virus replication Promote inflammation |
Pareek et al., 2014; Thounaojam et al., 2014b |
| ↑ miR-29b | JEV(GP78 strain) | BV2 | ↓ TNFAIP3 | Promote virus replication Promote inflammation |
Thounaojam et al., 2014a |
| ↓ miR-326-3p | JEV(P3 strain) | BV2 | ↑ BCL3, MK2, TRIM25 | Promote inflammation | Li et al., 2020 |
| ↑ miR-19b-3p | JEV(P3 strain) | U251, BV2, Mice brain tissues | ↓ RNF11 | Promote inflammation | Ashraf et al., 2016 |
| ↑ miR-15b | JEV(P3 strain) | U251, BV2, Mice brain tissues | ↓ RNF125 | Promote inflammation | Zhu et al., 2015 |
| ↑ let-7a/b | JEV(GP78 strain) | N9, N2A, Mice brain tissues | ↑ NOTCH-TLR7 pathway |
Promote inflammation | Mukherjee et al., 2019 |
| ↓ miR-34c-5p | JEV (JaOArS982 strain, P20778 strain) | CHME3 | ↑ NOTCH1 | Promote inflammation | Kumari et al., 2016 |
a – The specific target of this miRNA has not been reported. miRNAs are derived from human/mouse cells, unless otherwise noted.
↑ miRNA/gene expression is increased after a particular virus infection.
↓ miRNA/gene expression is decreased after a particular virus infection.
PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; IL-1β, interleukin 1β; SOCS5, Suppressor of cytokine signaling 5; STAT1/3, Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1/3; TRAF6, TNF receptor-associated factor 6; IRAK1/2, IL-1 receptor associated kinase-1/2; EEF1A1, Eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1A1; MAVS, Mitochondria antiviral signaling protein; IRF1/8, Interferon regulatory factor 1/8; NKRF, NF-κB repressing factor; MAP2K7, mitogen-activated protein kinase 7; TRIAP1, TP53 regulated inhibitor of apoptosis 1; DNM2, dynamin 2; SHIP1, Src homology 2-containing inositol phosphatase 1; TNFAIP3, Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3; BCL3, B-cell CLL/lymphoma 3; MK2, MAPK-activated protein kinase 2; TRIM25, Tripartite motif-containing protein 25; RNF11/125, Ring finger protein 11/125; TLR7, Toll Like Receptor 7.