Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population.
| COPD | Smoker | Non-Smoker | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group | 1 (n = 15) | 2 (n = 15) | 3 (n = 15) |
| Age (years) | 67.07 ± 12.24 | 55.66 ± 12.41 | 62.46 ± 12.38 |
| Gender (M/F; n) (%) | 8 (53.33)/7 (46.66) | 10 (66.67)/5 (33.33) † | 3 (20)/12 (80) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.12 ± 4.07 | 26.10 ± 3.10 | 24.58 ± 4.57 |
| Pack-years | 51.61 ± 42.16 † | 36.66 ± 27.38† | 0 ± 0 |
| Smoking status | |||
| Current smoker | 7 (46.60%) | 4 (26.60 %) | 0 (0%) |
| Former smoker | 8 (53.30%) | 11 (73.30%) | 0 (0%) |
| Non-smoker | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 15 (100%) |
| FEV1/FVC (%) | 57.26 ± 8.78 *† | 76.90 ± 4.63 | 76.83 ± 6.36 |
| FEV1 (% Ref) | 61.23 ± 18.17 *† | 94.81 ± 17.10 | 97.00 ± 10.86 |
| COPD Stage (%) | |||
| GOLD 1 | 2 (13.30%) | ||
| GOLD 2 | 10 (66.67%) | ||
| GOLD 3 | 3 (20%) | ||
| GOLD 4 | 0 (0%) |
Data represents mean and SD. COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. COPD stage used GOLD standard [3]. * p < 0.05 compared to Smoker. † p < 0.05 compared to non-smoker.