Table 1.
Opioid positive urine drug screens controlling for covariates.
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Opioid Positive UDS (Yes/No) | Opioid Positive UDS (Yes/No) | Opioid Positive UDS (Yes/No) | |
| Opioid Positive UDS (Yes/No) | |||
| Period 1 | 1.00 [1.00, 1.00] | 1.00 [1.00, 1.00] | 1.00 [1.00, 1.00] |
| Period 2 | 0.69 [0.29, 1.62] | 0.82 [0.34, 1.98] | 0.82 [0.34, 1.98] |
| Years in Treatment | 0.87** [0.78, 0.96] | 0.87** [0.78, 0.97] | |
| Age | 1.00 [0.90, 1.12] | ||
| Subs Use Diagnosis = 0 | |||
| Subs Use Diagnosis = 1 | 0.25 [0.03, 2.08] | ||
| Psych Diagnosis = 0 | |||
| Psych Diagnosis = 1 | 3.01 [0.32, 28.08] | ||
| % Reduction in visit frequency | 0.31 [0.01, 6.59] | ||
| / | |||
| lnsig2u | 18.15*** [7.48, 44.06] | 18.20*** [7.79, 42.51] | 17.26*** [7.32, 40.73] |
| Observations | 258 | 250 | 250 |
| R 2 | |||
| Adjusted R2 | |||
| N_pop | |||
| N_sub | |||
| F |
Exponentiated coefficients; ci in brackets.
*
P < .05. **P < .01. ***P < .001.
Model 1: Controlled only for changes made to clinic guidelines during period 1 and 2 Model 2: Controlled for years in treatment.
Model 3: Controlled for age, comorbid substance use diagnosis, comorbid psychiatric disorder diagnosis, percent-reduction in visit frequency, years in treatment, and changes made during period 1 and period 2.
UDS, urine drug screen Period 1: control time period.
Period 2, during COVID 19 changes.
Psychiatric diagnosis excludes substance use disorder diagnosis.
SUD, Substance use disorder (other than opioid use disorder diagnosis).