Table 4.

Serum chemistry profiles for adult cats fed black soldier fly larvae (BSFL)-containing canned diets

Item	Reference range1	Treatment				SEM2	P-value
		Control	BSFL meal	BSFL whole	BSFL oil
Creatinine, mg/dL	0.4–1.6	1.43a	1.15b	1.13b	1.30ab	0.035	0.0047
Blood urea nitrogen, mg/dL	18–38	28.13a	28.88a	23.00b	26.63ab	0.668	0.0044
Total protein, g/dL	5.8–8.0	6.18	6.08	5.86	6.24	0.080	0.3838
Albumin, g/dL	2.8–4.1	3.20	3.04	3.06	3.29	0.047	0.1966
Globulin, g/dL	2.6–5.1	2.98	3.04	2.80	2.95	0.060	0.5755
Albumin:globulin ratio	0.6–1.1	1.09	1.01	1.10	1.13	0.027	0.5271
Ca, mg/dL	8.8–10.2	8.70	8.84	8.64	8.79	0.058	0.6440
P, mg/dL	3.2–5.3	3.96	3.88	3.68	4.23	0.102	0.3032
Na, mmol/L	145–157	147.13	148.25	147.37	147.25	0.258	0.4179
K, mmol/L	3.6–5.3	3.77	4.49	4.23	4.23	0.106	0.1167
Na:K ratio	28–36	40.25	33.88	35.38	34.75	1.186	0.2296
Cl, mmol/L	109–126	118.00	117.38	117.38	116.25	0.327	0.3017
Alkaline phosphatase, U/L	10–85	20.50	23.00	22.38	24.75	1.327	0.7977
Alanine transaminase, U/L	8–65	57.75	46.13	38.25	64.25	4.830	0.2300
Gamma glutamyl transferase, U/L	0–3	0.00	0.00	0.13	0.13	0.043	0.5796
Total bilirubin, mg/dL	0.0–0.3	0.14	0.15	0.13	0.15	0.009	0.7296
Creatine phosphokinase, U/L	10–250	140.25	125.00	168.13	153.50	12.562	0.6773
Cholesterol, mg/dL	66–160	145.62	189.37	173.13	158.00	6.830	0.1187
Triglycerides, mg/dL	21–166	33.00	28.75	50.13	34.50	4.549	0.3813
Bicarbonate, mmol/L	12–21	17.75b	20.38a	19.00ab	19.00ab	0.316	0.0255
Anion gap	10–27	15.00	15.00	15.25	16.00	0.275	0.5474

University of Illinois Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Reference Ranges.

Pooled standard error of the mean.

Within a row, means lacking a common superscript differ (P < 0.05).