Table 1. Studies’ descriptive characteristics.

year	study	no	classification	age (y)	cause of injury	sex (m:f)	hand (d:nd)	follow-up (mo)	Type of functional evaluation
1979	Pierce at al.	18	n/m	36,7	13mva, 1fall, 7unknown	13m, 8f	n/m	63,6 (r, 8-120)	objective & functional evaluation
1984	Rogers et al.	19	Rogers classification	31,0+/-10,87	10mva, 3industrila, 2fall,1gsw	16m, 3f	n/m	21,84+/-7,37	ROM
1985	Lange et al.	9	n/m	27,33+/-10,45	7mva, 2industrial	n/m	n/m	22,33+/-19,03	Lange & Foster classification, ROM
1998	Sohn et al.	13	n/m	38,92+/-13,59	6mva, 4fall, 3industrial	7m, 6f	n/m	18,08+/-6,44	ROM, Lange & Foster classification
1998	Yokoyama et al.	15	AO/OTA classification	32,87+/-14,41	7mva, 2fall, 6industrial	13m,2f	n/m	45,67+/-31,73	ROM, Khalfayan score
2000	Capomassi et al.	10	Capomassi classification	27,4+/-15,85	6mva, 3industrial, 1fall	9m, 1f	7d, 7nd	33,5 (r, 13-58)	Khalfayan score
2000	Lerner et al.	6	n/m	30,17+/-16,4	4blast, 2gsw	7m	n/m	n/m	ROM, Khalfayan score, grip strength
2003	Solomon et al.	26	AO/ASIF classification	36,92+/-15,14	n/m	15m, 11f	n/m	24,33+/-13/01	ROM, Khalfayan score, grip strength
2006	Anomou et al.	7	Gleizes classification	39,14 (r, 15-57)	3mva, 3indutrial	6m, 1f	n/m	13,85 (r, 6-25)	Lange & Foster classification
2007	Stoik et al.	7	AO/ASIF classification	52,86+/-30,60	5mva, 1blast, 1fall	2m, 5f	n/m	12 (r, 2-22)	ROM
2012	El Ibrahimi et al.	12	Agarwal and Chadha classification	31,5+/-15,49	9fall, 3mva	8m, 4f	n/m	n/m	Lange & Foster classification
2013	Lamah et al.	8	n/m	n/m	8mva	5m, 3f	3d, 5nd	10 (r, 6-18)	MEPS
2013	Jockel et al.	19	Jockel classification	41,53+/-15,42	n/m	14m, 5f	10d, 9nd	80,46+/-38,45	ROM, ASES, VAS
2013	Ditsios et al.	19	Ditsios classification	33,68+/-9,05	15mva, 2industrial, 2fall	16m, 3f	17d, 2nd	26 (r, 1-40)	ROM, MEPS, Khalfayan score, grip & elbow strength
2015	Cho et al.	6	n/m	45,17+/-14,19	5roller, 1mva	5m, 1f	2d, 4nd	37,00+/-32,96	MEPS, ASES, VAS
2016	Jimenez-Diaz et al.	23	AO/OTA & Ditsios classifiaction	35,87+/-13,18	16mva, 5fall, 1gsw, 1blast	19m, 4f	4d, 19nd	19,53+/-11,05	ROM, MEPS
2018	Trigui et al	14	Rogers classification	32,07+/-11,52	11mva, 2industrial, 1fall	11m, 3f	n/m	21,79+/-14,33	Stewart & Hundley classification modified by Diémé
2018	Langshong et al.	10	n/m	37,80+/-14,93	6mva, 3fall, 1building collapse	7m, 3f	6d, 4nd	5,15+/-0,58	DASH score
2020	Marius et al.	4	n/m	31	4xmva	3m, 1f	3d, 1nd	n/m	MEPS
2019	Pari et al.	1	n/m	53	fall	m	n/m	24	ROM
2018	Badia et al.	1	n/m	30	mva	m	yes	48	ROM
2018	Lee et al.	1	n/m	21	fall	f	n/m	12	ROM
2017	Ayoubi et al.	1	n/m	24	fall	m	n/m	6	ROM, MEPS
2017	Kafadar et al.	1	n/m	52	industrial	m	n/m	6	ROM
2015	Bettuzzi et al.	1	n/m	42	fall	m	n/m	12	ROM, MEPS
2015	Goni et al.	1	n/m	44	mva	f	n/m	24	ROM
2015	Bisinella et al.	1	AO/OTA classification	22	mva	m	n/m	8	ROM
2011	Galasso et al.	1	Rogers & Simpson classification	28	mva	m	n/m	18	ROM, grip strength, LES
2006	De Carli et al.	1	Rogers & Simpson classification	25	mva	f	n/m	24	ROM
1997	Sarup et al.	1	n/m	35	fall	f	n/m	5	ROM
1995	Al-Zahrani et al.	1	n/m	45	mva	f	n/m	18	ROM
1989	Viegas et al.	1	n/m	59	industrial	m	n/m	2	ROM

n/m=not mentioned; AO/OTA= Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen/Orthopaedic Trauma Association; AO/ASIF= Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen/Association of the Study of Internal Fixation; mva=motor vehicle accident; gsw=gunshot wound; m=male; f=female; ROM=range of motion; MEPS= Mayo Elbow Performance Score; ASES=American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Shoulder Score; VAS= Visual Analog Score; DASH= Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand; LES= Liverpool elbow Score