Cetin 1997.

Methods	Randomised controlled trial. Randomised from a 'list' in theatre. No information on allocation concealment. Caregivers (surgeons) not blinded. No information on whether participants were blinded. Outcome assessors not blinded but were "encouraged not to refer to the randomisation list" until after assessing the wound.
Participants	164 women undergoing caesarean section. It is not clear how many women were in the closure group and how many were in the non‐closure group. Excluded if prescribed antibiotics in the two weeks prior to caesarean, or if given antibiotics for cardiac prophylaxis. Included if: first or repeat caesarean; prelabour or intrapartum caesarean; obese or 'non‐obese'. All women in the trial had transverse skin incisions and no wound drains were used.
Interventions	Treatment group: closure of the subcutaneous fat. Control group: non‐closure of the subcutaneous fat.
Outcomes	Wound infection and wound complication incidence available on 82 women in the closure group and 77 women in the non‐closure group. Loss to follow up: 5 women. It is not clear from the paper which randomised group they were from. No significant difference in complications between the closure and the non‐closure groups. Wounds assessed during hospital admission. Women were asked to return to the hospital "if they developed any problems".
Notes	Turkey. 1995 to 1997. Two groups of results reported; women with < 2 cm fat and women with > 2 cm fat.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Allocation concealment?	Unclear risk	B ‐ Unclear