Table 3.

Study outcomes of patients in the EM group vs. the non-EM group

Outcomes	Unadjusted outcomes				Adjusted outcomes
	All patients (n = 296)	Patients in the EM group (n = 96)	Patients in the non-EM group (n = 200)	P-value	Patients in the EM group (n = 96)	Patients in the non-EM group (n = 200)
Primary outcomes	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)		Adjusted odds ratio [95% CI]	Reference
In-hospital mortality	55 (19%)	7 (7%)	48 (24%)	< 0.01	0.22 [95% CI 0.06–0.88]	–
Ambulatory dependence at the hospital discharge	139 (47%)	26 (27%)	113 (57%)	< 0.01	0.24 [95% CI 0.09–0.61]	–

Secondary outcomes	Median [IQR]	Median [IQR]	Median [IQR]		Adjusted mean value [95% CI]	Adjusted mean value [95% CI]
Length of the ICU stays (day)	6.1 [4.5–9.0]	5.3 [4.2–6.8]	6.5 [5.0–10.7]	< 0.01	5.8 [4.2–7.4]	9.0 [7.9–10.0]
Length of the hospital stays (day)	33.4 [18.2–53.1]	28.3 [16.8–46.1]	34.0 [19.5–61.1]	0.10	36.6 [31.6–41.7]	44.3 [37.1–51.5]
Total hospital costs (US dollars)	27,954 [17,902–50,058]	24,823 [14,778–39,703]	32,515 [20,060–51,854]	< 0.01	28,351 [22,267–34, 36]	37,740 [32888–42952]

Adjusted outcomes means the outcomes adjusted with the sIPWs using the following covariates to generate the propensity score: age, sex, BMI, CCI, APACHE II and total SOFA score at ICU admission, the main source of the infection, the route to the ICU, the ambulatory dependence before the hospital admission, the diagnosis of septic shock on the ICU admission, and the receipt of the Maebashi early mobilization protocol and the treatments which patients received during their ICU stays (invasive mechanical ventilation, ECMO, renal replacement therapy, steroid, neuromuscular blockade, analgesia with fentanyl, sedation with midazolam and propofol, and receipt of catecholamines noradrenaline, dopamine, or dobutamine). Unadjusted outcomes were compared using the Mann–Whitney U-test and Fisher’s exact test

CI confidence interval, EM early mobilization, ICU intensive care unit, OR odds ratio, sIPWs stabilized inverse probability weightings