Table 4.
PICO Analysis of Included Studies
| Study | Design | Population | Comparator | Outcome | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Helmet use distribution |
Helmet use by road user | Time of crash |
Day of crash | Crash setting | Crash method | Injury severity by road user | Injury type by road users | Head injuries using helmets | Mortality using helmets | Mortality by injury severity |
Mortality by road user type | Level of Consciousness | Injury type | |||
|
Sisimwo et al., 2014 [22] |
Analytical | MCC victims at A&E (hospital) | Y | N` | N | N | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | N | N | N | Y | N |
| Sisimwo & Onchiri, 2018 [23] | Analytical | MCC victims at A&E (hospital) | Y | N | Y | Y | N | Y | N | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | N |
| Saidi & Mutisto, 2013 [24] | Analytical | MCC victims at A&E (hospital) | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | N | N | N | Y | Y | Y | N | N | Y |
|
Osifo et al., 2012 [25] |
Analytical |
Pediatric RTA victims presenting at a trauma center (includes MCC victims) |
Y | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | Y | N | Y | N | N |
| Oluwadiya et al., 2014 [34] | Analytical | MCC victims at A&E (hospital) | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | N | Y |
| Osoro et al., 2011 [38] | Prevalence |
RTA victims presenting at the hospital (includes MCC victims) |
N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | Y |
| Oginni et al., 2006 [32] | Prevalence | MCC victims at maxillofacial unit (hospital) | Y | N | N | N | N | Y | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | Y |
|
Matheka et al., 2015 [33] |
Prevalence | MCC victims within preceding 3 months of survey | Y | N | Y | N | Y | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | Y |