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. 2022 Apr 25;10:60. doi: 10.1186/s40478-022-01355-2

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Diaphragm and respiration assessment in R-DMDdel52 rats. a, b Recording trace of respiratory flow of WT (a) and R-DMDdel52 rats (b) aged 6 months under baseline conditions. Negative flow peaks indicate depression in the box, i.e. the inspiration step for the animal, while the positive ones reflect the expiration. c–f exhalation time (c), tidal volume (d), respiratory rate (e) and minute ventilation (f) measured by whole body plethysmography in R-DMDdel52 and WT rats aged 6 months. g, h Hematoxylin and eosin (upper panels) and Picro Sirius red (lower panels) staining of diaphragm of 3-week-old (g) and 3-month-old (h) WT and R-DMDdel52 rats (scale bar 50 μm). i Percentage of Sirius red area in diaphragm of 3-week-old and 3-month-old WT and DMDdel52 rats. j, k Hematoxylin and eosin (upper panels) and Picro Sirius red (lower panels) staining of diaphragm at 6 months (j) and 12 months (k) of age of both WT and R-DMDdel52 rats (scale bar 50 μm). l Percentage of Sirius red area in diaphragm of WT and DMDdel52 rats aged 6 and 12 months