Table 1.

Assessment of the association between L1014F-Kdr genotypes/alleles and the ability of mosquitoes to survive clothianidin exposure

Genotypes	L1014F-Kdr and clothianidin resistance
	Odds ratio	P-value
RR vs SS	0.3 (0.2‒0.7)	0.002**
RR vs RS	1.4 (0.7‒2.8)	0.2
RS vs SS	0.2 (0.1‒0.5)	< 0.0001***
R vs. S	0.5 (0.3‒0.9)	0.02*

R resistant, S susceptible, SS homozygote susceptible, RR homozygote resistant, RS heterozygote; * P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.0001