Roberts 1988.

Methods	A controlled, randomized, double‐blind trial of a longer continuous intravenous infusion of naloxone in patients with septic shock to evaluate the hemodynamic effects.
Participants	Criteria for inclusion (n=16): proven bacterial or fungal infection; hypotension (BP<60 mmHg) despite adequate fluid resuscitation (PWP>12 mmHg); vasopressor or inotrope dependence (BP < 60 mmHg with trial of drug withdrawal); written informed consent. Exclusion criteria: recent or ongoing myocardial infarction; active bleeding; requirement for opioid analgesia; severe head injury with high intracranial pressure or coma; congestive heart failure or CI<2.2 l/min/m².
Interventions	Bolus of 30 μg/kg of naloxone followed by continuous infusion of 30 μg/kg/hr for 8 to 16 hrs. Control: bolus of an equivalent volume of normal saline.
Outcomes	Primary outcome Decrease in vasopressor requirement, as recorded up to 16 hours after baseline. Case fatality: number of deaths at 14 days.
Notes	Medical and surgical intensive care units at the Health Sciences Center in Winnipeg, Manitoba. No comment on when the study was conducted.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Allocation concealment?	Low risk	A ‐ Adequate